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The Captain America Conundrum: Issues of Patriotism, Race, and Gender in Captain America Comic Books, 1941--2001.

机译：美国队长难题：美国队长漫画书中的爱国主义，种族和性别问题，1941--2001。

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摘要

"The Captain America Conundrum: Issues of Patriotism, Race, and Gender in Captain America Comic Books, 1941--2001" represents a comprehensive examination of Captain America comic books as a primary source for the study of United States history from just prior to World War II to the aftermath of the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. Just as Time magazine or the New York Times newspaper could be used as primary sources to examine American society, mores, and culture, it is the argument of this study that comic books---heretofore considered primarily children's literature---can also be used in this regard. Through the pages of this essentially monthly publication, accepted norms of contemporary American society can be seen, as well as (post-1960) attempts on the part of the writers and artists to influence those norms.;Within the zeitgeist of American culture, the character of Captain America has been considered a representation of strong government and ardent conservatism. The reality, however, is that the character has become increasingly just left-of-center politically, promoting strong nationalism and American leadership alongside ideas of racial and gender equality. While the 1940s and '50s issues portrayed racial and, occasionally, gender stereotypes, as American society became more open to a more egalitarian society, those mores are portrayed---and, many would argue, pushed---in the pages of Captain America. By the end of the 1960s, the comic presented the first African-American superhero, The Falcon, and a strong female secret-agent character, Sharon Carter.;Aside from the actual text and images within the pages of Captain America, advertisements and printed letters to the editors provide additional windows into these periods of American history. Ads promoting traditional ideas of gender roles and gender image frequent the books throughout the decades; and, beginning in the 1960s, letters from fans of the comic book provide evidence that these comic books were not simply read by children, but high school and college students, professors, lawyers, soldiers, and housewives as well. As American society swung from left to right over the decades, these changes in political climate are repeatedly addressed in the pages of this superhero comic book.;After a brief overview of the more important historiography of comic book / superhero studies, the remaining chapters proceed to examine the comic book decade-by-decade. From the hero's origins just prior to American involvement in World War II, through its brief return during the height of the McCarthy era as "Captain America: Commie Smasher," to its eventual return in the post-Kennedy 1960s as a "man-out-of-time," showing how American society had changed since the hero's inception, the pages of the various titles of the monthly Captain America comic book show America during these decades as they are popularly perceived. From the late '60s through the remainder of the century, the comic book portrays situations such as: the explosion of representation of African-Americans and the idea of the "New Woman" in the 1970s; ideas for and against the so-called Age of Reagan in the 1980s; the questionable status of the U.S. in a post-Cold War world in the 1990s; and the immediate response to the terrorist attacks of 9/11. American history unfolds in the pages of Captain America, reflecting society---as the best of popular culture does---while at the same time attempting to influence the thinking of its readers.
机译：“美国队长难题：美国队长漫画中的爱国主义，种族和性别问题，1941--2001年”代表对美国队长漫画书的全面考察，该书是研究世界之前美国历史的主要来源第二次世界大战爆发于2001年9月11日恐怖袭击之后。正如《时代》杂志或《纽约时报》报纸可以被用作考察美国社会，习俗和文化的主要来源一样，漫画的这项研究的论点是在这方面也可以使用书籍（以前被认为是儿童文学）。通过这本基本每月出版的书页，可以看到当代美国社会公认的规范以及（1960年后）作家和艺术家试图影响这些规范的尝试;在美国文化的时代精神中，美国队长的性格被认为是强大的政府和热心的保守主义的代表。然而，现实情况是，角色在政治上正变得越来越偏左，促进了强大的民族主义和美国的领导地位以及种族和性别平等观念。尽管1940年代和50年代的问题描绘了种族观念，偶尔也描绘了性别刻板印象，但随着美国社会对更加平等的社会更加开放，这些道德准则在船长的书页中被刻画，而且很多人会争辩着推动。美国。到1960年代末，该漫画展示了第一个非裔美国超级英雄猎鹰，以及一个强有力的女性特工角色莎朗·卡特（Sharon Carter）；除了美国队长页面上的实际文字和图像外，广告和印刷品致编辑的信为了解美国历史的这段时期提供了额外的窗口。几十年来，宣传性别角色和性别形象传统观念的广告经常出现在这些书中；从1960年代开始，漫画迷的来信便证明了这些漫画不仅是儿童阅读的，还包括高中生，大学生，教授，律师，士兵和家庭主妇。几十年来，随着美国社会从左到右的摇摆，政治气候的这些变化在本超级英雄漫画的页面中得到了反复解决。;在简要回顾了更重要的漫画史/超级英雄研究史之后，其余各章继续进行逐个十年检查漫画书。从英雄在美国卷入第二次世界大战之前的出身，到麦卡锡时代鼎盛时期的短暂回归，即“美国队长：Commie Smasher”，再到肯尼迪1960年代后最终回归-时间”，展示了自英雄诞生以来美国社会的变化，《美国队长》月刊各种书名的页面向人们展示了这几十年来的美国。从60年代后期到本世纪剩余时间，这本漫画书描绘的情况包括：非洲裔美国人的代表人数激增和1970年代的“新女人”理念；支持和反对1980年代所谓的里根时代的想法；在1990年代的冷战后世界中，美国的地位令人怀疑；以及对9/11恐怖袭击的立即反应。美国历史在美国队长的页面上得以展现，反映了社会-就像流行文化中最好的一样-同时试图影响读者的思想。

著录项

  • 作者

    Hall, Richard A.;

  • 作者单位

    Auburn University.;

  • 授予单位 Auburn University.;
  • 学科 History United States.;History Modern.;Mass Communications.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2011
  • 页码 360 p.
  • 总页数 360
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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