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首页> 外文学位 >Investigating the use of vaccination as a tool for managing pneumonic pasteurellosis in Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis canadensis).
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Investigating the use of vaccination as a tool for managing pneumonic pasteurellosis in Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis canadensis).

机译：调查接种疫苗作为管理落基山大角羊（Ovis canadensis canadensis）肺巴氏杆菌病的工具的用途。

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摘要

Currently one of the greatest threats to bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) populations across western North America is respiratory disease and the associated population-level impacts accompanying the illness. While lungworm (Protostrongylus spp.) and various bacteria and viruses likely contribute to the respiratory disease complex, probably the single most harmful group of pathogens is bacteria in the family Pasteurellaceae. It is well documented that these bacteria can and do cause disease, likely because of the leukotoxin (Lkt) produced by the bacteria which is toxic to ruminant leukocytes. Few ways exist to mitigate this problem, and to date, attempts by wildlife managers to intervene have been ineffective.;Previous research has focused on vaccines to protect bighorns from Pasteurellaceae and the associated Lkt produced by those species. Such vaccines have proven to be effective in domestic livestock and, while less research has been conducted with bighorn sheep, some vaccines have been shown to provide a degree of protection. Because of this potential, I focused on evaluating 2 different Pasteurellaceae vaccines in bighorn sheep. One of those vaccines is an autogenous vaccine developed specifically for the Colorado Division of Wildlife (CDOW) for use in bighorn sheep while the other is a commercially available cattle vaccine (One ShotRTM ). Both vaccines were evaluated experimentally in captive Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis canadensis), while the commercial vaccine was also evaluated in a free-ranging herd of bighorns where it was administered along with a suite of other health-related treatments.;Chapter 1 of my thesis is devoted to the evaluation of an autogenous vaccine manufactured by Newport Laboratories (Worthington, MN) and developed specifically to protect Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep in Colorado from several presumed pathogenic strains of Pasteurellaceae. In this chapter, I focused on serum antibody concentration responses to vaccination in ewes and lambs, the safety of vaccination, and passive transfer of maternal antibodies from ewes to their lambs.;This vaccine evaluation was carried out using Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep that were part of the CDOW's captive research herd in Fort Collins, Colorado, USA. All bighorn ewes were vaccinated approximately 1 month prior to expected parturition, and were boostered 6 months later, while lambs were vaccinated once at approximately 3 months of age. After vaccination, all animals were observed daily for signs of pneumonia or other adverse reactions to the vaccine. Serum samples were collected periodically from the ewes after vaccination and booster. Serum samples were also collected periodically from all lambs after birth and following vaccination. Colostrum samples were collected from 6 of the 9 study ewes within approximately 30 hours of parturition. All serum samples were assayed for both Lkt neutralizing and Mannheimia haemolytica whole cell antibodies using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), while colostrum samples were assayed only for Mannheimia haemolytica whole cell antibodies using ELISA.;In the bighorn ewes, vaccination significantly increased Lkt neutralizing and M. haemolytica whole cell antibody concentrations for a period of less than 4 weeks. In addition, Lkt neutralizing antibodies were increased by an insignificant amount following booster 6 months after the initial vaccination.;No increase in passive transfer of maternal antibodies between ewes and lambs was detected as a result of vaccination. Antibody concentrations at 30 hours of age were not different between lambs born to vaccinated or unvaccinated ewes. Likewise, antibody concentrations found in colostrum samples were not different between treatment groups.;I did not detect a statistically significant increase in antibodies after vaccinating the lambs. However, I did observe an increase in Lkt neutralizing antibodies from a mean OD value of 0.0011 (SE = 0.00067) to a mean OD value of 0.0044 (SE = 0.0014) after vaccination, and also an increase in M. haemolytica whole cell antibodies from a mean OD value of 0.0076 (SE = 0.0044) to a mean OD value of 0.029 (SE = 0.011) after vaccination.;My work shows that both One Shot and the autogenous vaccine induced immunological responses in Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep in Colorado. Potential applications for these vaccines include vaccinating high-risk bighorn herds preventatively or vaccinating bighorn herds that are already experiencing chronic pasteurellosis. While this strategy is likely not feasible in all situations, free-ranging herds do exist where vaccines can be administered, as illustrated by the field evaluation of One Shot. Future research should be conducted to determine if the serological responses that I observed equate to protection from Pasteurellaceae infection and the associated damage caused by Lkt. Additionally, I suggest that future work should evaluate the efficacy of simultaneously administering both of these and potentially other Pasteurellaceae vaccines to provide broader protection against varied strains of Pasteurellaceae. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
机译：当前，北美西部对大角羊（Canadaensis）种群的最大威胁之一是呼吸道疾病以及伴随该疾病的相关种群影响。肺虫（Protostrongylus spp。）和各种细菌和病毒可能是导致呼吸系统疾病的原因，但最有害的病原体可能是巴斯德氏菌科中的细菌。众所周知，这些细菌可以而且确实会引起疾病，这很可能是由于细菌产生的对反刍动物白细胞有毒的白细胞毒素（Lkt）。缓解这种问题的方法很少，迄今为止，野生动植物管理者进行干预的尝试都是无效的。以前的研究集中在疫苗上，以保护大角羊免受巴斯德杆菌科以及这些物种生产的相关Lkt的侵害。这种疫苗已被证明对家畜有效，尽管对大角羊的研究较少，但一些疫苗已显示出一定程度的保护作用。由于这种潜力，我集中精力评估了大角羊中的2种不同的巴斯德杆菌疫苗。这些疫苗中的一种是专门为科罗拉多州野生动物部（CDOW）开发的用于大角羊的自体疫苗，另一种是市售的牛疫苗（One ShotRTM）。两种疫苗均在落基山大角羊（Ovis canadensis canadensis）上进行了实验评估，而商用疫苗也在自由放养的大角羊群中进行了评估，并与一系列其他与健康相关的治疗方法一起使用。我的论文致力于评估一种由纽波特实验室（Worthington，MN）制造的自体疫苗，该疫苗是专门为保护科罗拉多州的落基山大角羊而免受几种巴斯德病菌的致病菌株而开发的。在本章中，我重点介绍了母羊和羔羊接种疫苗的血清抗体浓度响应，疫苗接种的安全性以及母体抗体从母羊向羔羊的被动转移。;该疫苗评估是使用落基山大角羊进行的CDOW在美国科罗拉多州柯林斯堡的俘虏研究群。所有大角羊母羊都在预期分娩前约1个月进行了疫苗接种，并在6个月后进行了加强免疫，而羊羔则在约3个月大时进行了一次疫苗接种。接种疫苗后，每天观察所有动物的肺炎或对疫苗的其他不良反应的迹象。接种疫苗和加强免疫后，定期从母羊收集血清样品。出生后和接种疫苗后，还定期从所有羔羊身上收集血清样本。在分娩后约30小时内，从9头研究母羊中的6头母羊中收集了初乳样品。使用酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）对所有血清样品进行Lkt中和和溶血曼海姆氏菌全细胞抗体的测定，而初乳样品仅使用ELISA对溶血曼海姆氏菌全细胞抗体的含量进行检测;在大角羊中，疫苗接种明显增加Lkt中和和溶血支原体全细胞抗体浓度持续不到4周。此外，初次接种疫苗后6个月加强免疫后，Lkt中和抗体的增加不明显。;接种疫苗后未检测到母体抗体在母羊和羔羊之间的被动转移增加。接种过或未接种过的母羊出生的羔羊之间，<30小时龄的抗体浓度没有差异。同样，在初乳样品中发现的抗体浓度在各治疗组之间没有差异。在给小羊接种疫苗后，我没有检测到统计学上显着的抗体增加。但是，我确实观察到接种疫苗后Lkt中和抗体的平均OD值从0.0011（SE = 0.00067）增加到0.0044（SE = 0.0014）的平均OD值，而且溶血支原体全细胞抗体从接种疫苗后的平均OD值为0.0076（SE = 0.0044）至平均OD值为0.029（SE = 0.011）。；我的工作表明，One Shot和自体疫苗均可在科罗拉多州的落基山大角羊中引起免疫反应。这些疫苗的潜在应用包括预防性接种高风险大角羊群或已经接种慢性巴氏杆菌病的大角羊群。虽然此策略可能无法在所有情况下都可行，但如One Shot的现场评估所示，可以放牧的地方确实存在自由放牧的牛群。应该进行进一步的研究以确定我观察到的血清学反应是否等同于保护免受巴斯德杆菌感染以及由Lkt引起的相关损害。另外，我建议未来的工作应该评估同时施用这些和其他潜在的巴斯德杆菌疫苗的功效，以针对广泛的巴斯德杆菌菌株提供更广泛的保护。 （摘要由UMI缩短。）

著录项

  • 作者

    Sirochman, Michael A.;

  • 作者单位

    Colorado State University.;

  • 授予单位 Colorado State University.;
  • 学科 Agriculture Wildlife Conservation.;Agriculture Wildlife Management.
  • 学位 M.S.
  • 年度 2011
  • 页码 142 p.
  • 总页数 142
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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