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首页> 外文学位 >Major effect genes in the evolution of development: Changes of regulatory gene function in the transformation of developmental mode in sea urchins of the genus Heliocidaris.
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Major effect genes in the evolution of development: Changes of regulatory gene function in the transformation of developmental mode in sea urchins of the genus Heliocidaris.

机译：发育进化中的主要影响基因：Heliocidaris属海胆发育模式转换中调控基因功能的变化。

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摘要

Oral ectoderm is a territory present in the larvae of indirect developing sea urchins that is responsible for many larval features as well as necessary in the formation of the adult animal. The oral territory is intact in the larva of Heliocidaris tuberculata, yet absent from congeneric direct developing sea urchin, Heliocidaris erythrogramma. Cross species hybrids produced by fertilizing H. erythrogramma eggs with H. tuberculata sperm restore many features of indirect development, including an intact oral ectoderm. This restoration of indirect developmental features indicated the dominant action of some factor or factors from the H. tuberculata genome were acting to produce a novel ontogeny. I undertook research to isolate and characterize major effect genes responsible for the loss of the oral ectoderm module in H. erythrogramma and its restoration in H.e. x H.t. hybrids.; A candidate gene approach was used to clone several transcription factors know to be isolated to and important in the formation of oral ectoderm in indirect developing sea urchins. Two of these genes, Msx and Gsc were found to have greatly altered expression patterns in H. erythrogramma. Msx was found to have an effect on mesenchyme proliferation and patterning in H. erythrogramma and no effect on skeletal patterning, suggesting it has become completely de-coupled from the oral ectoderm gene regulatory network with the loss of the oral module. Gsc was able to partially restore an oral ectoderm territory in H. erythrogramma. The effect of Gsc was specific to the ectoderm in the region of the H. erythrogramma larva that would become oral ectoderm in an indirect developer, suggesting that downstream regulatory elements in the oral ectoderm pathway are competent to respond to Gsc, and that Gsc's altered expression pattern in H. erythrogramma is vital to the loss of the oral territory.; In addition to the main body of data, many protocols were developed and refined for the Heliocidaris system. These included an optimized non-radioactive in-situ hybridization protocol for H. tuberculata , microinjection techniques for both H. tuberculata and H. erythrogramma and a competitive quantitative RT-PCR assay for the assessment of developmental timing and levels of gene expression.
机译：口腔外胚层是存在于间接发育的海胆幼体中的一个区域，该区域负责许多幼体特征以及成年动物的形成所必需的。口头上的Heliocidaris tuberculata的幼虫是完整的，但不存在同类的直接发育的海胆Heliocidaris erythrogramma。通过将红球藻卵与结核杆菌精子受精而产生的种间杂种恢复了间接发育的许多特征，包括完整的口腔外胚层。间接发育特征的这种恢复表明来自结核杆菌基因组的一个或多个因素的显性作用正在产生新的个体发育。我进行了研究，以分离和鉴定导致红血球瘤中口腔外胚层模块丢失及其在肝炎中的恢复的主要效应基因。高度杂种。一种候选基因方法被用于克隆一些转录因子，已知这些转录因子在间接发育的海胆中被分离出并在口腔外胚层的形成中很重要。发现这些基因中的两个，Msx和Gsc，在红血球菌中具有大大改变的表达模式。发现Msx对红血球菌中的间充质增殖和模式有影响，对骨骼模式没有影响，这表明它已经与口腔外胚层基因调控网络完全脱钩，失去了口腔模块。 Gsc能够部分恢复红血球菌的口腔外胚层区域。 Gsc的作用特异于红血球菌幼虫区域的外胚层，该区域在间接显影液中会变成口腔外胚层，这表明口腔外胚层途径中的下游调控元件有能力对Gsc作出反应，并且Gsc的表达改变红血球瘤的形态对于口腔区域的丧失至关重要。除了数据主体以外，还针对Heliocidaris系统开发并完善了许多协议。这些措施包括针对结核菌的优化的非放射性原位杂交方案，针对结核菌和红血球菌的显微注射技术，以及用于评估发育时间和基因表达水平的竞争性定量RT-PCR分析方法。

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  • 作者

    Wilson, Keen Alan.;

  • 作者单位

    Indiana University.;

  • 授予单位 Indiana University.;
  • 学科 Biology Molecular.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2003
  • 页码 252 p.
  • 总页数 252
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 分子遗传学;
  • 关键词

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