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首页> 外文学位 >Microsphere-based ion-selective bulk optodes for the determination of clinical electrolytes and the evaluation of closo-dodecacarborane anions as ion exchangers in potentiometric and optical cation-selective chemical sensors.
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Microsphere-based ion-selective bulk optodes for the determination of clinical electrolytes and the evaluation of closo-dodecacarborane anions as ion exchangers in potentiometric and optical cation-selective chemical sensors.

机译：基于微球的离子选择性本体光电二极管，用于确定临床电解质和评估氯代十二碳碳烷阴离子作为电位计和光学阳离子选择性化学传感器中的离子交换剂。

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摘要

In the attempt to create an ion-sensing strategy that could streamline all available clinical diagnostic assays into one platform, ionophore-based polymeric microspheres were developed that function in complete analogy to traditional hydrophobic bulk optode thin films. Several fabrication methods including solvent casting and heterogeneous polymerization techniques were employed to produce the ion-sensitive particles.; A more convenient method used to prepare monodisperse particles is described based on an automated particle casting technique. This approach produces uniform spheres at a rate of 20,000 particles per second. The casting process is based on a reproducible polymer drop formation and precipitation process, and the particles are formed under very mild, non-reactive conditions. This allows one to conveniently incorporate known amounts of different active components into the polymers. With a RSD of 1.6%, sensing reproducibility from particle-to-particle was excellent. This made it possible to characterize the microspheres using a flow cytometer, which is capable of high-throughput analyses. Separate solution analysis of sodium and potassium-selective microspheres resulted in the generation of functional response curves using peak channel fluorescence intensities. The selectivity observed for both types of particles is sufficient for the clinical determination of Na+ and K+. Furthermore, sodium and potassium-selective microspheres were analyzed in parallel using sodium sample solutions, resulting in the successful determination of sodium ion concentrations and providing important information about the selectivity of the potassium-selective sensors over sodium.; It is quite evident that the lifetime of the miniaturized sensors described in this dissertation will ultimately be dictated by the retention of the sensing components. Several attempts have been made to potentially improve sensor lifetime by designing new polymeric materials that will function without the addition of an external plasticizer. Hexanedioldiacrylate (HDDA) cross-linked dodecyl acrylate (DDA) microspheres ranging from approximately 1–10 μm in diameter were prepared via photoinitiated dispersion polymerization and incorporated with ETH 5294, producing independent self-referencing optodes capable of measuring the activities of H+ and NO 3− in aqueous media. In order to be used with the particle fabricating apparatus described above, a polymer must be readily soluble in common organic solvents therefore another polymer was developed that did not contain cross-linking units. Plasticizer-free methyl methacrylatedecyl methaerylate (MMA-DMA) microspheres were characterized that contained either ETH 5294 only or ETH 5294, a K+-selective ionophore (BME-44), and anionic sites (NaTFPB). Both sensor formulations functioned in analogy to their plasticized PVC counterparts described above.; In addition to eliminating plasticizer leaching, halogenated carba- closo-dodecacarborane monoanions were evaluated in both ISEs and thin-film optodes for their suitability as ion-exchangers in cation-selective chemical sensors. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
机译：为了尝试创建一种可以将所有可用的临床诊断测定方法简化为一个平台的离子传感策略，开发了与传统疏水性大块光电薄膜完全相似的基于离子载体的聚合物微球。采用几种制造方法，包括溶剂浇铸和非均相聚合技术来生产离子敏感颗粒。基于自动颗粒流延技术，描述了用于制备单分散颗粒的更方便的方法。此方法以每秒20,000个粒子的速度生成均匀的球体。浇铸过程基于可重现的聚合物液滴形成和沉淀过程，并且颗粒是在非常温和的非反应条件下形成的。这使人们可以方便地将已知量的不同活性组分掺入聚合物中。 RSD为1.6％，从颗粒到颗粒的传感重现性极佳。这使得使用流式细胞仪表征微球成为可能，该流式细胞仪能够进行高通量分析。钠和钾选择性微球的单独溶液分析导致使用峰通道荧光强度生成功能响应曲线。观察到的两种类型的颗粒的选择性足以用于临床测定Na + 和K + 。此外，使用钠样品溶液平行分析了钠和钾选择性微球，从而成功测定了钠离子浓度，并提供了有关钾选择性传感器对钠的选择性的重要信息。十分明显的是，本文中描述的小型传感器的寿命最终将取决于传感组件的保持力。通过设计可以在不添加外部增塑剂的情况下起作用的新型聚合物材料，已进行了多种尝试来潜在地提高传感器的使用寿命。通过光引发分散聚合制备直径约1–10μm的己二醇二丙烯酸酯（HDDA）交联的丙烯酸十二烷基酯（DDA）微球，并与ETH 5294结合使用，产生能够测量H 活性的独立自参考光电极。 + 和NO 3 -在水性介质中。为了与上述颗粒制造设备一起使用，聚合物必须易于溶于常见的有机溶剂，因此开发了另一种不含交联单元的聚合物。不含增塑剂的甲基丙烯酸甲基丙烯酸癸酯（MMA-DMA）微球的特征是仅包含ETH 5294或ETH 5294，一个K +超选择性离子载体（BME-44）和阴离子位点（NaTFPB）。两种传感器配方的功能均类似于上述增塑的PVC对应物。除了消除增塑剂的浸出外，还对ISE和薄膜光电二极管中的卤代氨基甲酸-斜体-closo-十二烷基-碳硼烷单阴离子进行了评估，以确定它们是否适合用作阳离子选择性化学传感器中的离子交换剂。 （摘要由UMI缩短。）

著录项

  • 作者

    Peper, Shane Michael.;

  • 作者单位

    Auburn University.;

  • 授予单位 Auburn University.;
  • 学科 Chemistry Analytical.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2003
  • 页码 246 p.
  • 总页数 246
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 化学;
  • 关键词

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