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The craft and concepts of interpretation: A look at how National Park Service interpreters reveal and facilitate opportunities for connections.

机译：口译的技巧和概念：看一下国家公园管理局口译员如何揭示并促进联系的机会。

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The Interpretive Development Program (IDP) of the National Park Service (NPS) develops and maintains the national standards for interpretation by providing professional development opportunities and administrating a peer review certification process of interpretive products. This study explores the little-understood phenomena of how opportunities for intellectual and emotional connections between the resource and the visitor are created by NPS interpreters. Analyzing the program content from forty-nine interpretive talks and writing examples submitted to the IDP for review from July to November of 2001, the researcher has identified four interpretive strategies interpreters used in developing opportunities for intellectual and emotional connections with resource meanings. The researcher also documented how connection opportunities reflect the conscious efforts of interpretive development.; A comprehensive review of existing theories on the concepts of meaning, interpretation, and connection leads to the construction of a conceptual framework. Drawing discussions from theoretical traditions including classic sociology, symbolic interactionism, social constructionism, phenomenology, and behaviorism, the conceptual model suggests that through the processes of ascribing, constructing, making, realizing or being stimulated by meanings, individuals can form more personalized and/or more shared understanding with resource meanings. The model also highlights the role of interpretation in revealing meanings and relationships that are potentially contained in the resource. The meaning-revealing process of interpretation provides opportunities for the mutual transaction of meanings between the interpreters and visitors. The study contributes to fundamental interpretive knowledge and lays the ground work for interpretive theory advancement.; The study contributes to interpretive managers, trainers, and planners by providing examples and discussion of intellectual and emotional connection opportunities. The study informs our understanding of how opportunities for connections can facilitate meaningful interactions between the resource and the audience. Study results from product analysis suggest how interpretation brings out and clarifies embedded meanings, how it helps people better communicate the meanings of their heritage, how it enhances intuitive understanding and holistic experiences, and how likely it can satisfy the basic human needs to create and sustain meanings in a seemingly purposeless world. In summary, the study explores the value of interpreting resource meanings in fostering a sense of care and stewardship ethic.
机译：国家公园管理局（NPS）的解释性开发计划（IDP）通过提供专业的发展机会并管理解释性产品的同行评审认证流程来制定和维护解释性国家标准。这项研究探讨了由NPS口译员如何创造资源与访客之间的智力和情感联系机会的鲜为人知的现象。分析了来自49个解释性演讲的程序内容，并撰写了提交给IDP的示例，以供2001年7月至11月进行审查，研究人员确定了四种解释策略译员，这些译员用于开发具有资源含义的智力和情感联系的机会。研究人员还记录了联系机会如何反映解释性发展的有意识努力。对意义，解释和联系概念的现有理论的全面回顾导致了概念框架的构建。概念模型从经典社会学，符号互动主义，社会建构主义，现象学和行为主义等理论传统中进行了讨论，认为通过意义的赋予，建构，制造，实现或激发的过程，个人可以形成更多的个性化和/或具有资源含义的更多共享理解。该模型还强调了解释在揭示资源中可能包含的含义和关系中的作用。口译的意义揭示过程为口译员和访问者之间相互交换意义提供了机会。该研究有助于基本的解释知识，为解释理论的发展奠定基础。该研究通过提供示例和智力和情感联系机会的讨论，为解释性经理，培训者和计划者做出了贡献。这项研究使我们了解了联系机会如何促进资源与受众之间有意义的互动。产品分析的研究结果表明，解释如何发挥作用并阐明其内在含义，它如何帮助人们更好地传达其遗产的含义，它如何增强直觉的理解和整体体验，以及它有可能满足人类创造和维持其基本需求的可能性。在一个看似无目的的世界中的意义。总而言之，该研究探索了解释资源含义对培养关怀意识和管理道德的价值。

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