Through a combination of textual analysis, interviews with political figures and members of royal or presidential households, and an extensive poll of public opinion in four monarchies (the United Kingdom, Belgium, Spain, and Sweden) and two parliamentary republics (Germany and Italy), this comparative study addresses the paradox that unelected monarchs have persisted as heads of state in democratic polities.;Chapter 1 traces the historical progression of democracy in monarchical European states up to World War II, demonstrating that the monarchs who survived were those who did not resist erosion of their manifest powers and/or succeeded in representing the national identity positively under challenging circumstances. Chapter 2 acknowledges Robert K. Merton's distinction between manifest and latent powers in a close analysis of the powers given to the head of state in the respective constitutions. Interviews, supplemented by primary research material from the two smaller monarchies of Luxembourg and Andorra, explore the extent of influence exerted through the voice and latent powers, suggesting that monarchs may develop added influence as they mature in office. Cost continues to be a source of criticism about monarchies, and Chapter 3 challenges this perception by exploring the organizational and budgetary capabilities of monarchs versus presidents Chapter 4 discusses the extent to which the process of succession complicates the institutional asset of stability and historical legitimacy with heavy responsibilities for preparing the heir. Chapter 5 explores relatively recent examples of institutional adaptability using the attempted coup of 1981 in Spain, constitutional crises provoked by moral convictions of monarchs in Belgium and Luxembourg, familial problems reflecting changing standards of behavior, and the specter of instability in multinational societies. Chapter 6 employs results from opinion polls conducted in the six countries to evaluate sociological and psychological arguments advanced to explain the survival of monarchy. Results indicate on-going support for the institution as well as changes in attitudes among younger citizens that may challenge future heirs. The European continent has undergone much change, and the effects of the current economic crisis are still being evaluated, yet this study demonstrates that the European parliamentary monarchies are in no immediate danger.
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机译：通过结合文本分析，对政治人物和皇室或总统家庭成员的采访以及对四个君主制（英国，比利时，西班牙和瑞典）和两个议会制共和国（德国和意大利）进行的广泛民意测验，这项比较研究解决了未当选的君主在民主政体中以国家元首的身份存在的悖论。；第一章追溯了欧洲君主制国家到第二次世界大战之前民主的历史进程，证明了幸存的君主是那些没有君主的君主。抵制其明显权力的侵蚀和/或在充满挑战的情况下成功地积极代表国家形象。第2章在仔细分析各个宪法赋予国家元首的权力时，承认了罗伯特·K·默顿（Robert K. Merton）在显性权力和隐性权力之间的区别。访谈以及卢森堡和安道尔这两个较小的君主制的主要研究材料作了补充，探讨了通过声音和潜能施加的影响程度，这表明君主在任职成熟时可能会产生更大的影响力。成本仍然是对君主制的批评之源，第3章通过探索君主与总统的组织和预算能力来挑战这种观念。第4章讨论了继任过程在多大程度上使稳定和历史合法性的机构资产复杂化。准备继承人的责任。第5章使用1981年的西班牙政变，比利时和卢森堡君主的道德信念挑起的宪法危机，反映出行为标准变化的家庭问题以及多民族社会不稳定的幽灵，探讨了机构适应性的相对较新的例子。第六章采用了在六个国家进行的民意测验结果，评估了为解释君主制的生存而提出的社会学和心理学论据。结果表明对机构的持续支持以及年轻公民的态度变化可能会挑战未来的继承人。欧洲大陆发生了很大的变化，目前的经济危机的影响仍在评估中，但是这项研究表明，欧洲议会君主制没有立即的危险。
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