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>A study of a variant Black English vernacular developed by African American and White immigrant coal miners in the coal mining camp towns of central Alabama.
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A study of a variant Black English vernacular developed by African American and White immigrant coal miners in the coal mining camp towns of central Alabama.
Over the years, several research studies have been conducted on the emergence of the coal mining industry in Birmingham, Alabama in the 1800's and its impact on the livelihood and growth of the local African American communities. Few studies, however, have been conducted on the degree to which the coal industry has impacted the language of the residents of these communities or the impact on the Black English Vernacular in general.; The specific objectives of this study were the following: (1) to provide a description of the unrecorded and unstudied Black English Vernacular words and phrases developed by African American and White immigrant coal miners working in the Birmingham, Alabama coal fields; (2) to compare the Black English Vernacular words and phrases developed by African American and White immigrant coal miners to the Black English Vernacular words and phrases identified in earlier research studies by Dillard (1972), Labov (1977), Smitherman (1998), and others; and (3) to document the folk history and social relationship between African American and White immigrant coal miners in the broader community.; A critical examination of the relationship between African American (Black American) and White immigrant coal miners which developed in the Birmingham, Alabama area coal fields between 1880 and the late 1890's, revealed that the linguistic factors necessary for linguistically divergent groups to develop a uniquely variant language form (as suggested by Dillard 1972, Hall 1966, Wolfram 1988, Holm 1998, and others) were indeed present, and presumably contributed to the development of variant Black English Vernacular words and phrases that were previously unrecorded and unstudied in the community.; The findings of this study document the unique form of Black English Vernacular which arose in the Birmingham, Alabama area coal mining camp towns including Edgewater, Mulga, Docena, Dolomite, and Westfield. The conclusions of this research study are consistent with an historical account (Trudgill and Hannah, 2002) which indicated that variant Black English Vernacular word and phrases produced in African American speech were probably developed as a direct result of positive associations and interactions with White immigrant coal miners in the Birmingham area coal fields.
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机译：多年来，已经对1800年代阿拉巴马州伯明翰的煤矿业的兴起及其对当地非裔美国人社区的生计和增长的影响进行了多项研究。然而，关于煤炭行业在多大程度上影响了这些社区居民的语言或总体上对黑人英语白话语的影响，很少进行研究。这项研究的具体目标如下：（1）描述在阿拉巴马州伯明翰煤田工作的非洲裔美国人和白人移民煤矿工人开发的未经记录和未经研究的黑人英语白话单词和短语; （2）将非裔美国人和白人移民煤矿工人开发的黑人英语白话单词与迪拉德（1972），拉波夫（1977），史密曼（1998）的早期研究确定的黑人英语白话单词和短语进行比较，和别的; （3）记录更广泛社区中非洲裔美国人与白人移民煤矿工人之间的民间历史和社会关系；对在1880年至1890年代之间在阿拉巴马州伯明翰煤田开发的非裔美国人（美国黑人）与白人移民煤矿工人之间的关系进行的批判性考察显示，语言上各异的群体发展独特的变体所必需的语言因素语言形式（如Dillard 1972，Hall 1966，Wolfram 1988，Holm 1998等所建议的）确实存在，并且可能有助于变体的黑人英语白话单词和短语的发展，这些单词和短语以前在社区中未被记录和研究。这项研究的发现记录了在阿拉巴马州伯明翰地区的煤矿营地城镇（包括Edgewater，Mulga，Docena，Dolomite和Westfield）出现的独特形式的Black English Vernacular。这项研究的结论与一个历史记载相一致（Trudgill和Hannah，2002年），该研究表明，在非裔美国人的语音中产生的变种黑色英语白话单词和短语可能是与白色移民煤炭积极联系和互动的直接结果。伯明翰地区煤田的矿工。
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