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首页> 外文学位 >HIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa: An examination of how stigma affects United States college students' perceptions of HIV-infected populations and the responsibility of the United States to provide assistance.
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HIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa: An examination of how stigma affects United States college students' perceptions of HIV-infected populations and the responsibility of the United States to provide assistance.

机译：撒哈拉以南非洲地区的艾滋病毒/艾滋病：审查污名如何影响美国大学生对艾滋病毒感染人群的看法以及美国提供援助的责任。

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The HIV/AIDS pandemic in sub-Saharan Africa is a global crisis that can only be alleviated by vast monetary funds (World Bank, 2000). It is argued that by understanding Americans' perceptions of the HIV/AIDS pandemic in sub-Saharan Africa, political will can be created toward the giving of United States funds toward health care for HIV infected individuals in sub-Saharan Africa and HIV prevention programs to limit the spread of HIV in sub-Saharan Africa. Experiment I examined participants' knowledge of HIV/AIDS in United States and sub-Saharan Africa. Results showed participants overestimated the number of individuals infected with HIV and percentage of world's HIV population in the United States and underestimated the number of individuals infected with HIV and percentage of world's HIV population in sub-Saharan Africa, thus implying that participants were using an availability heuristic (Tversky & Kahneman, 1982). An in-group bias (Blaine, 2000) was found only for participants' ratings of United States responsibility to provide funds for HIV prevention programs. Experiment II examined how stigma may affect attitudes of United States college students towards specific HIV infected individuals perceived as high in responsibility for HIV infection (e.g. commercial sex worker infected by client, man infected by commercial sex worker, man infected by man), and low in responsibility (e.g. wife infected by husband, and child infected by mothers' breast milk) in sub-Saharan Africa. Results indicated that responsibility for acquiring the HIV virus affected how these different HIV infected individuals were viewed, and how deserving they were of health care (Weiner, 1995). No gender differences based on the mode of HIV contraction were found, although female participants displayed more positive emotion toward the HIV infected individual, regardless of mode of HIV transmission, and thought the HIV infected individual was more deserving of HIV/AIDS health care than male participants. Implications of all results were discussed as to how they apply to educating Americans about the HIV/AIDS pandemic in sub-Saharan Africa.
机译：撒哈拉以南非洲的艾滋病毒/艾滋病大流行是全球性的危机，只有大量的货币资金才能缓解（世界银行，2000）。有人认为，通过了解美国人对撒哈拉以南非洲艾滋病毒/艾滋病流行的看法，可以创造政治意愿，向美国提供资金用于撒哈拉以南非洲艾滋病毒感染者的医疗保健以及艾滋病毒预防计划。限制艾滋病毒在撒哈拉以南非洲的传播。实验一检查了参与者在美国和撒哈拉以南非洲对艾滋病毒/艾滋病的了解。结果表明，参与者高估了美国的艾滋病毒感染者人数和世界艾滋病毒人口的百分比，而低估了撒哈拉以南非洲地区的艾滋病毒感染者人数和世界艾滋病毒人口的百分比，因此暗示参与者正在利用可用性启发式（Tversky＆Kahneman，1982）。小组内部的偏见（Blaine，2000年）仅针对参与者对美国为艾滋病毒预防计划提供资金的责任等级进行了评估。实验二研究了耻辱感如何影响美国大学生对被认为对HIV感染负有高责任的特定HIV感染者（例如，被客户感染的商业性工作者，被性工作者感染的男性，被男人感染的男性）的态度的态度在撒哈拉以南非洲地区的责任（例如妻子被丈夫感染，孩子被母亲母乳感染）。结果表明，获得艾滋病毒的责任影响了如何看待这些不同的艾滋病毒感染者，以及他们应得的医疗保健（Weiner，1995）。没有发现基于艾滋病毒感染方式的性别差异，尽管女性参与者对艾滋病毒感染者表现出更多的积极情绪，而与艾滋病毒的传播方式无关，并认为与男性相比，艾滋病毒感染者更应该得到艾滋病毒/艾滋病的保健参与者。讨论了所有结果的含义，说明它们如何应用于对美国人进行撒哈拉以南非洲艾滋病毒/艾滋病流行教育。

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