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Impact of copper mine tailings (stamp sand) on survival and development of aquatic organisms near Gay, Michigan.

机译：铜矿尾矿（邮票砂）对密歇根州盖伊附近水生生物生存和发展的影响。

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摘要

Heavy metal-rich copper mine tailings, called stamp sands, were dumped by mining companies directly into streams and along the Lake Superior shoreline, degrading Keweenaw Peninsula waterways. One of the largest disposal sites is near Gay, Michigan, where tailings have been moved along the shoreline by currents since mining ceased. As a result, the smallest sand particles have been washed into deeper water and are filling the interstitial spaces of Buffalo Reef, a critical lake trout spawning site. This research is the first to investigate if stamp sand is detrimental to survival and early development of eggs and larvae of lake sturgeon, lake trout, and Northern leopard frogs, and also examines if the presence of stamp sands influences substrate selection of earthworms. This study found that stamp sand had significantly larger mean particle sizes and irregular shapes compared to natural sand, and earthworms show a strong preference for natural substrate over any combination that included stamp sand. Additionally, copper analysis (Cu2+) of surface water over stamp sand and natural sand showed concentrations were significantly higher in stamp sand surface water (100 &mgr;g/L) compared to natural sand surface water (10 &mgr;g/L). Frog embryos had similar hatch success over both types of sand, but tadpoles reared over natural sand grew faster and had higher survival rates. Eggs of lake sturgeon showed similar hatch success and development over natural vs. stamp sand over 17 days, while lake trout eggs hatched earlier and developed faster when incubated over stamp sand, yet showed similar development over a 163 day period. Copper from stamp sand appears to impact amphibians more than fish species in this study. These results will help determine what impact stamp sand has on organisms found throughout the Keweenaw Peninsula which encounter the material at some point in their life history.
机译：矿业公司将富含重金属的铜矿尾矿（称为邮票砂）直接倾倒入溪流中，并沿苏必利尔湖岸线倾倒，从而破坏了Keweenaw半岛的水路。最大的处置场之一是密歇根州的盖伊（Gay）附近，自采矿停止以来，尾矿一直被洋流沿海岸线移动。结果，最小的沙子颗粒被冲入了更深的水中，并充满了布法罗礁的缝隙空间，布法罗礁是一个重要的鳟鱼产卵场。这项研究是第一个研究stamp砂是否对lake鱼，湖鳟鱼和北方豹蛙的卵和幼虫的存活和早期发育有害的方法，并且还研究了stamp砂的存在是否会影响substrate的基质选择。这项研究发现，与天然砂相比，stamp砂的平均粒径和不规则形状要大得多，并且show比天然砂中的任何组合都更倾向于天然基质。另外，对印模砂和天然砂的地表水的铜分析（Cu2 +）表明，印模砂地表水（100 mg / g）的浓度明显高于天然砂子地表水（10 mg / L）。青蛙胚胎在两种类型的沙子上都具有相似的孵化成功率，但是在天然沙子上饲养的grew生长更快，存活率更高。与st砂相比，17鱼卵在17天内显示出相似的孵化成功和发育，而在stamp砂上孵化时，湖鳟卵孵化更早，发育更快，但在163天内显示出相似的发育。在这项研究中，来自模砂的铜似乎比鱼类对两栖动物的影响更大。这些结果将有助于确定印章砂对整个Keweenaw半岛发现的，在其生命史上遇到该物质的生物有何影响。

著录项

  • 作者

    Haak, Danielle M.;

  • 作者单位

    Michigan Technological University.;

  • 授予单位 Michigan Technological University.;
  • 学科 Biology Ecology.;Biogeochemistry.
  • 学位 M.S.
  • 年度 2011
  • 页码 81 p.
  • 总页数 81
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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