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Comparative toxicity and bioavailability of heavy fuel oils to fish using different exposure scenarios.

机译：使用不同暴露场景的重质燃料油对鱼类的比较毒性和生物利用度。

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摘要

Heavy fuel oils (HFO) are produced from the refining of crude oils, and have high specific gravities and high viscosities. In recent years, spills of HFO have increased in the environment, and are of great concern because they are difficult to clean up. Spilled HFO is likely to become submerged, and can become stranded if fresh HFO coats benthic substrates or if weathered HFO sinks as tarballs. Conversely, lighter oils float on the surface and their components disperse and become diluted in the water column. There is a research need to assess the unique ecological risks of HFO that can sink and contaminate spawning shoals of fish. Chronic toxicity of HFO to fish embryos is correlated with exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) that become bioavailable from spilled HFO to identify under which spill conditions fish populations are at greatest risk.;The results of this research demonstrate that: (1) Stranded HFO is a significant source of PAH to the receiving environment and causes chronic toxicity to embryonic fish; (2) Tarballs and weathered HFO cause less toxicity than fresh HFO, likely a consequence of physical limitations to PAH release; (3) HFO 7102 samples collected from an HFO spill in Wabamun Lake, Alberta, are less toxic than HFO 6303; (4) HFO is at least 2-fold more toxic than Medium South American (MESA), a well-studied reference crude oil, coincident with 3-fold higher concentrations of alkyl PAH, namely alkyl phenanthrenes.
机译：重质燃油（HFO）是由原油精制而成的，具有高比重和高粘度。近年来，环境中HFO的泄漏有所增加，并且由于难以清除而倍受关注。溢出的HFO可能会被淹没，并且如果新鲜的HFO覆盖底栖基质，或者如果风化的HFO像沥青一样下沉，则可能会搁浅。相反，较轻的油漂浮在表面上，它们的成分在水柱中分散并稀释。有一项研究需要评估可能沉没和污染鱼类产卵浅滩的HFO独特的生态风险。 HFO对鱼胚的慢性毒性与暴露于多环芳烃（PAH）相关，多环芳烃可通过溢流的HFO进行生物利用，从而确定在哪种溢流条件下鱼类种群面临的最大风险。本研究结果表明：（1）搁浅HFO是接收环境中PAH的重要来源，对胚胎鱼造成慢性毒性。 （2）焦油和风化的HFO比新鲜的HFO毒性小，这可能是PAH释放受到物理限制的结果； （3）从阿尔伯塔省Wabamun湖的HFO溢油中收集的HFO 7102样品的毒性低于HFO 6303； （4）HFO的毒性至少是经过充分研究的参考原油中南美（MESA）的2倍以上，同时其烷基PAH（即烷基菲）的浓度也高3倍。

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  • 作者

    Martin, Jonathan Douglas.;

  • 作者单位

    Queen's University (Canada).;

  • 授予单位 Queen's University (Canada).;
  • 学科 Biology Ecology.;Environmental Health.;Biogeochemistry.
  • 学位 M.Sc.
  • 年度 2011
  • 页码 135 p.
  • 总页数 135
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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