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Wildfire-Induced Physicochemical Changes in Dissolved Natural Organic Matter: Watershed Dynamics and Water Treatment.

机译：野火诱导的溶解的天然有机物物理化学变化：分水岭动力学和水处理。

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摘要

The study of dissolved organic matter (DOM) is essential to many areas of science and engineering. DOM plays vital roles in soil weathering, nutrient and metal transport, pH buffering, and degradation and transport of hydrophobic organic chemicals. All of these processes are affected by the specific physicochemical characteristics of the DOM, necessitating its characterization.;Wildfire events cause sudden drastic changes to the water quality of the affected watershed. Wildfires generate large quantities of substantially different DOM compared to the DOM found in the same watershed prior to the fire. High temperature conditions during the fire alter the physical and chemical structures of the DOM. In turn, the large quantities of the DOM may overwhelm particular drinking water treatment processes, as well as acting as the substrate for the formation of disinfection byproducts (DBP), such as trihalomethanes (THM) and haloacetic acids (HAA). Increased DBP concentrations lead to adverse health effects and regulatory noncompliance.;Therefore, understanding the dynamics of the physicochemical characteristics of DOM after a fire is vital to maintaining effective water treatment and reliable drinking water supply. Also, understanding the duration of the impacts and expected rates of recoveries after the fire are important in strategic planning and response to such disasters.;The work presented in this dissertation concentrated on analyzing the physicochemical characteristics of DOM by size, charge, polarity, and fluoroactivity. The changes in DOM characteristics were described through the full cycle, from wildfire in a remote watershed, to the effects of precipitation on leaching of the ash and partially-burned materials, to specific unit treatment processes, to the DBP formation potential in the municipal distribution system. Study sites included typical southern California chaparral vegetation and terrain that were impacted by a series of wildfires in 2007 and 2009.
机译：溶解有机物（DOM）的研究对于科学和工程学的许多领域都是必不可少的。 DOM在土壤风化，养分和金属运输，pH缓冲以及疏水性有机化学物质的降解和运输中起着至关重要的作用。所有这些过程都受DOM特定的理化特性影响，因此必须对其进行表征。野火事件导致受影响流域的水质突然发生急剧变化。与大火之前在同一流域中发现的DOM相比，野火会生成大量实质上不同的DOM。火灾期间的高温条件会改变DOM的物理和化学结构。反过来，大量的DOM可能会使特定的饮用水处理过程不堪重负，并充当形成消毒副产物（DBP）（例如三卤甲烷（THM）和卤乙酸（HAA））的底物。 DBP浓度升高会导致不良的健康影响和监管不规范。因此，了解火后DOM的理化特性的动态对于维持有效的水处理和可靠的饮用水供应至关重要。此外，了解大火的影响持续时间和预期的恢复速度对于战略规划和应对此类灾难也很重要。本论文的工作重点在于通过大小，电荷，极性和极性分析DOM的理化特性。氟活性。 DOM特征的变化贯穿整个过程，从偏远流域的野火到降水对灰分和部分燃烧物质的浸出的影响，再到特定的单元处理过程，再到市政分布中DBP的形成潜力，系统。研究地点包括典型的南加州丛林植被和地形，这些地形和地形在2007年和2009年受到一系列野火的影响。

著录项

  • 作者

    Revchuk, Alex D.;

  • 作者单位

    University of California, Los Angeles.;

  • 授予单位 University of California, Los Angeles.;
  • 学科 Hydrology.;Engineering Civil.;Engineering Environmental.
  • 学位 D.Env.
  • 年度 2011
  • 页码 203 p.
  • 总页数 203
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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