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首页> 外文学位 >Removal of 2,4-dinitrophenol and 2,4-dinitrotoluene from water using surfactant-modified activated carbon.
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Removal of 2,4-dinitrophenol and 2,4-dinitrotoluene from water using surfactant-modified activated carbon.

机译：使用表面活性剂改性的活性炭从水中去除2,4-二硝基苯酚和2,4-二硝基甲苯。

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Adsorption of 2,4-dinitrophenol (2,4-DNP) and 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT) onto several surfactant modified activated carbons has been studied. Activated carbon (AC) was produced from pecan shell following a technology developed at New Mexico State University. Five cationic surfactants were used to modify the pecan-shell AC. The surfactants used were dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB); dodecylethyldimethylammonium bromide (DEDAB); cetyl pyridium bromide (CPB); hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HTAB); and dimethyl-dioctadecylammonium bromide (DDOAB). An adsorption isotherm model was constructed on the basis of the information obtained from the adsorption experimental data. The results indicate that adsorptive capacity of explosives on AC was increased when DTAB, DEDAB, or HTAB are used as modifiers; while capacity decreased when CPB or DEDAB were used to modify the carbon. Enhancement of surface area was achieved by modification. The maximum surface area obtained for modification with each surfactant was similar, equal to about 13%. However, an increase of surface area did not correspond to an increase in adsorption capacity. DDOAB modifier produced a carbon of large surface area, although adsorption was very poor. Improvement of the adsorption capacity of 2,4-DNP and 2,4-DNT on modified AC is attributable in some part to the available surface area, but more importantly on the affinity between the hydrophobic groups of surfactants and those on the explosives. Compared to adsorption on unmodified AC, DEDAB-modified carbon had an adsorption capacity toward 2,4-DNP and 2,4-DNT, in the amounts of 33% and 39% respectively. DTAB-modified AC resulted in an increased adsorption capacity of 23% for 2,4-DNP and 30% for 2,4-DNT. HTAB-modified AC improved adsorption by 25% and 30%. Experimental adsorption data of both 2,4-DNP and 2,4-DNT was used to build an adsorption model that relates the amount of explosive adsorbed on the modified carbon to the equilibrium explosive concentration in aqueous phase, the initial concentration of modifying surfactant, and the critical micelle concentration of the surfactant.
机译：研究了2,4-二硝基苯酚（2,4-DNP）和2,4-二硝基甲苯（2,4-DNT）在几种表面活性剂改性的活性炭上的吸附。活性炭（AC）是由山核桃壳根据新墨西哥州立大学开发的技术生产的。五种阳离子表面活性剂用于改性山核桃壳型AC。所用的表面活性剂是十二烷基三甲基溴化铵（DTAB）。十二烷基乙基二甲基溴化铵（DEDAB）;十六烷基溴化吡啶鎓（CPB）;十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（HTAB）;和二甲基二十八烷基溴化铵（DDOAB）。根据从吸附实验数据获得的信息构建吸附等温线模型。结果表明，使用DTAB，DEDAB或HTAB作为改性剂时，炸药对AC的吸附能力增强。当使用CPB或DEDAB改性碳时容量降低。通过改性实现表面积的增加。用每种表面活性剂改性获得的最大表面积是相似的，等于约13％。但是，表面积的增加并不对应于吸附容量的增加。尽管吸附非常差，但DDOAB改性剂产生的碳表面积很大。 2,4-DNP和2,4-DNT在改性AC上的吸附能力的提高部分归因于可用的表面积，但更重要的是表面活性剂的疏水基团与炸药上的疏水基团之间的亲和力。与未改性的AC吸附相比，DEDAB改性的碳对2,4-DNP和2,4-DNT的吸附量分别为33％和39％。 DTAB改性的AC对2,4-DNP的吸附容量增加了23％，对2,4-DNT的吸附容量增加了30％。 HTAB改性的AC将吸附提高了25％和30％。利用2,4-DNP和2,4-DNT的实验吸附数据建立了吸附模型，该模型将吸附在改性碳上的炸药量与水相平衡炸药浓度，改性表面活性剂的初始浓度，以及表面活性剂的临界胶束浓度。

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