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The characterization of regional ozone transport.

机译：区域臭氧传输的特征。

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摘要

Among the most ubiquitous and persistent air quality problems facing urban areas are high concentrations of gas phase oxidants and fine particulate matter. Ozone and particulate matter concentrations in urban areas are significantly influenced by other factors in addition to local emissions, such as regional transport spanning distances as large as 1000 kilometers. Despite the importance of regional transport in meeting air quality standards, to date most analyses of regional transport have focused only on short duration episodes, or semi-quantitative assessments. The development and evaluation of seasonal, quantitative assessments of regional pollutant transport, based on modeling calculations and observational data is the topic of this dissertation.;The observational data available through the Texas Air Quality Studies in 2000 and 2006 provide a unique opportunity to develop, evaluate, and improve methods for characterizing regional air pollutant transport. Measurements collected during these studies are used as the primary observational basis for characterizing regional ozone transport and to evaluate the performance of photochemical models. Results suggest that measurements (from aircraft and surface monitors) and the photochemical model provide consistent estimates of the magnitude of ozone transport. On this basis, photochemical modeling is used to determine potential impacts of regional ozone transport in Texas, under varying meteorological and photochemical conditions, as well as to characterize the dominant chemical and physical processes within urban plumes.;While qualitative studies and limited quantitative analyses have been performed to assess regional ozone transport, this work includes the first detailed quantitative characterization of the importance of ozone transport over the course of an entire ozone season using both photochemical modeling and ambient data. Results demonstrate that urban plumes in Texas are capable of transporting significant amounts of ozone over distances spanning hundreds of kilometers. Furthermore, on a seasonal basis, there are a number of days characterized by high contributions from inter-city transport coinciding with high total ozone concentrations, suggesting that the role of inter-city transport will remain significant for many areas to demonstrate attainment of the NAAQS for ozone. Results also indicate that reductions in the impacts of inter-city transport are possible by decreases in emissions from source regions.
机译：城市地区面临的最普遍和持久的空气质量问题之一是高浓度的气相氧化剂和细颗粒物。除局部排放外，城市区域中的臭氧和颗粒物浓度还受到其他因素的显着影响，例如跨越1000公里的区域运输。尽管区域交通在满足空气质量标准方面很重要，但迄今为止，大多数区域交通分析都只集中于短期事件或半定量评估。基于模型计算和观测数据的区域性污染物季节性定量评估的开发和评估是本论文的主题。2000年和2006年通过德州空气质量研究获得的观测数据提供了独特的机会，评估和改进表征区域空气污染物迁移的方法。在这些研究中收集的测量值用作表征区域臭氧传输特征和评估光化学模型性能的主要观察依据。结果表明，测量值（来自飞机和地面监测器）和光化学模型可提供一致的臭氧传输量估计值。在此基础上，使用光化学模型来确定在不同的气象和光化学条件下德克萨斯州区域臭氧运输的潜在影响，以及表征城市羽流中主要的化学和物理过程。虽然进行了定性研究和有限的定量分析为了评估区域臭氧的运输，这项工作包括使用光化学模型和环境数据对臭氧在整个臭氧季节过程中的重要性进行首次详细的定量表征。结果表明，得克萨斯州的城市羽流能够跨越数百公里的距离传输大量臭氧。此外，在季节性基础上，许多天都存在城市间交通带来的高贡献，同时臭氧总浓度也很高，这表明城市间交通的作用对于许多地区而言仍然具有重要意义，以证明获得了NAAQS臭氧结果还表明，通过减少源区的排放量可以减少城市间交通的影响。

著录项

  • 作者

    Dionisio, Mariana Costa.;

  • 作者单位

    The University of Texas at Austin.;

  • 授予单位 The University of Texas at Austin.;
  • 学科 Engineering Chemical.;Engineering Environmental.;Engineering Civil.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2010
  • 页码 311 p.
  • 总页数 311
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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