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首页> 外文学位 >Greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) habitat response to mowing and prescribed burning Wyoming big sagebrush and influence of disturbance factors on lek persistence in the Bighorn Basin, Wyoming.
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Greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) habitat response to mowing and prescribed burning Wyoming big sagebrush and influence of disturbance factors on lek persistence in the Bighorn Basin, Wyoming.

机译：怀俄明州比格霍恩盆地较大的鼠尾草（Centrocercus urophasianus）栖息地对怀俄明州的大型鼠尾草的修剪和处方燃烧以及干扰因素对韭菜持久性的影响。

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摘要

My thesis work focused on evaluating the relative influence of prescribed burning (1990--1999 and 2000--2006) and mowing (2000--2006) treatments on the quality of greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus ) nesting and early brood-rearing habitats and landscape characteristics that influenced sage-grouse lek persistence from 1980 to 2009 in the Bighorn Basin of north-central Wyoming. Objectives of treatments have focused on land health, watershed improvement, and to enhance habitat conditions for livestock, greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus), and other wildlife. I focused on how prescribed burning and mowing may affect sage-grouse nesting and early brood-rearing habitats by evaluating habitat quality through insect, soil, and vegetation parameters at 30 treated sites compared to 30 nearby, untreated reference sites. My sites were classified by treatment type, soil type, season, and decade of treatment (sites burned in the 1990s and sites burned or mowed during 2000--2006). Prescribed burning greatly (--85.1 to --100%) reduced levels of sagebrush canopy cover at least 19 years postburn, while mowing maintained minimum levels of sagebrush canopy cover recommended for sage-grouse nesting and early brood-rearing habitats. In some cases, prescribed burning showed positive results for sage-grouse nesting and early brood-rearing habitats compared to mowing such as 6.3- to 16.9-times greater ant weights (mg/trap; on aridic burns during 1990s and ustic burns during 2000--2006 respectively), 2.3- to 85.1-times greater beetle weights (mg/trap) on ustic soils, 3.6- to 4.3-times higher perennial grass canopy cover on aridic soils, 2.6-times higher plant species richness on aridic soils during 2000--2006 burns, and 2.0- to 5.0-times higher soil nitrogen on burns during 2000--2006, but all of these characteristics were not found to be enhanced compared to reference sites. Mowing provided 3.6- to 13.2-times higher sagebrush canopy cover on ustic soils, 2.2- to 3.0-times higher sagebrush heights on aridic and ustic soils, and 1.2- to 1.5-times higher insect diversity on ustic and aridic soils than prescribed burning. When comparing mowed sites to reference sites, there was1.2- to 2.5-times higher litter and 3.5- to 9.1-times higher ant weights (mg/trap) at mowed sites. However, mowing did not promote an increase in other sage-grouse early brood-rearing needs such as the abundance of food forbs, abundance or weights of beetles and grasshoppers, or perennial grass canopy cover or height. Forb nutritional content and production were not enhanced (i.e., similar to reference sites) by either treatment. Perennial grass height and canopy cover (5 of 6 cases) were not enhanced through burning or mowing. The main benefit from prescribed burning was an increase in grasshopper abundance (no./trap) compared to reference sites (grasshopper abundance was 2.4- to 3.4-times greater at prescribed burned sites than reference sites). In general, results indicate few positive aspects of treating Wyoming big sagebrush to enhance habitat conditions for nesting and early brood-rearing sage-grouse as much as 19 years after prescribed burning and 9 years after mowing in the Bighorn Basin. Mowing, however, appears to be a better alternative than prescribed burning Wyoming big sagebrush, largely because it leaves intact sagebrush, but comparisons between reference sites typically did not suggest habitat conditions were enhanced through mowing. Consequently, managers contemplating these 2 treatment techniques to enhance sage-grouse habitats should consider other treatment strategies including non-treatment.;When evaluating factors that may have influenced the probability of sage-grouse lek persistence in the Bighorn Basin I found support for the synergistic influence of multiple disturbance factors influencing sage-grouse lek persistence. I predicted that increasing roads, energy development, and wildfire will result in loss of more sage-grouse leks in the Bighorn Basin. The Bighorn Basin has lower developed reserves of oil and gas than many other regions of Wyoming; however, my study supports findings from studies in those areas that demonstrate energy development negatively affects lek persistence. I recommend that conservation efforts should focus on minimizing well development and implementing wildfire suppression tactics within 1.6-km of active sage-grouse leks.
机译：我的论文工作集中在评估规定的焚烧（1990--1999年和2000--2006年）和割草（2000--2006年）处理对更大的鼠尾草（Centrocercus urophasianus）筑巢和早期育雏质量的相对影响怀俄明州中部比格霍恩盆地从1980年到2009年影响鼠尾草韭菜持久性的栖息地和景观特征。治疗的目标集中在土地健康，改善流域，以及改善牲畜，鼠尾草（Centrocercus urophasianus）和其他野生动植物的栖息地条件。通过评估30个处理过的地点与附近30个未经处理的参考地点相比，昆虫，土壤和植被参数的栖息地质量，我着眼于规定的焚烧和割草如何影响鼠尾草的筑巢和早期育雏栖息地。我的站点按处理类型，土壤类型，季节和处理十年进行分类（1990年代燃烧的站点和2000--2006年燃烧或割掉的站点）。规定的焚烧在燃烧后至少19年内极大地降低了（--85.1至--100％）降低了鼠尾草冠层的覆盖率，同时割草保持了建议的鼠尾草筑巢和早期育雏栖息地的最低水平的鼠尾草冠层覆盖率。在某些情况下，与割草相比，规定的焚烧对鼠尾草的筑巢和早期育雏的栖息地表现出积极的效果，例如，蚂蚁重量增加了6.3到16.9倍（毫克/捕集； 1990年代的干旱灼伤和2000-2000年代的铁锈灼伤） -2006年），在2000年期间，铁素体土壤上的甲虫重量（毫克/捕集器）增加2.3-至85.1倍，干旱土壤上多年生草冠层的覆盖度提高3.6-4.3倍，干旱地区植物物种丰富度提高2.6倍--2006年烧伤，2000--2006年烧伤土壤氮含量高2.0至5.0倍，但与参考点相比，所有这些特征均未得到增强。割草在高铁土上的鼠尾草冠层覆盖度高3.6到13.2倍，在干旱和高铁土上的鼠尾草高度高2.2至3.0倍，在高铁和旱地上的昆虫多样性高出规定燃烧率1.2至1.5倍。当将被修剪的地点与参考地点进行比较时，被修剪的地点的蚂蚁重量（mg /陷阱）高1.2至2.5倍，蚂蚁重量（mg /陷阱）高3.5至9.1倍。但是，割草并不能促进其他鼠尾草早期育雏的需求增加，例如食物的丰度，甲虫和蚱hopper的丰度或重量，或者多年生草冠的覆盖度或高度。两种处理均未提高前叉的营养含量和产量（即与参考部位相似）。多年生草的高度和冠层覆盖度（6例中的5例）没有通过燃烧或割草得到增强。与参考地点相比，规定燃烧的主要好处是蚱hopper丰度（编号/陷阱）增加（规定燃烧地点的蚱hopper丰度比参考地点高2.4到3.4倍）。总的来说，结果表明在怀俄明州大鼠尾草经过规定的焚烧后长达19年和在大角羊盆地割草后长达9年的时间里，没有多少积极方面可以改善巢穴和早期育雏鼠尾草的栖息地条件。然而，割草似乎比怀俄明州规定的燃烧大型鼠尾草更好，主要是因为割草留下完整的鼠尾草，但参考地点之间的比较通常并不表明割草可改善栖息地条件。因此，正在考虑使用这两种处理技术来改善鼠尾草生境的管理人员应考虑其他处理策略，包括不予处理。当评估可能影响大角羊盆地鼠尾草韭菜持久性的可能性的因素时，我发现了协同作用的支持。鼠尾草韭菜持续性的多种干扰因素的影响我预测，道路的增加，能源的开发和野火的增加将导致比格霍恩盆地更多的鼠尾草韭菜流失。比起怀俄明州的许多其他地区，比格霍恩盆地的油气储量低。但是，我的研究支持那些研究表明能源开发会对韭葱的持久性产生负面影响的研究结果。我建议保护工作应集中在尽量减少井的发展和在鼠尾草活跃的1.6公里范围内实施野火抑制策略。

著录项

  • 作者

    Hess, Jennifer E.;

  • 作者单位

    University of Wyoming.;

  • 授予单位 University of Wyoming.;
  • 学科 Agriculture Wildlife Conservation.;Natural Resource Management.;Agriculture Wildlife Management.
  • 学位 M.S.
  • 年度 2011
  • 页码 167 p.
  • 总页数 167
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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