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首页> 外文学位 >Improving regional transportation system performance through increased suburban intermodalism: A user cost modeling approach.
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Improving regional transportation system performance through increased suburban intermodalism: A user cost modeling approach.

机译：通过增加郊区多式联运来提高区域交通系统的性能：一种用户成本建模方法。

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This research presents a Systems Approach—a combination of economic theory, spatial analysis and transportation modeling—to analyze the effects of increased intermodalism on transportation system performance. Using utility theory, a cost model is developed to explore conceptually the relationship between auto pricing, transit quality of service, and mode choice on a simple network. The model results suggest that increasing the disutility of automobile travel while providing high-quality transit can reduce total system and average user costs at a sustainable user equilibrium.; The conceptual approach is extended to a sub-regional, multimodal route choice model of the Philadelphia, Pennsylvania network, concentrating on the region's most congested highway links. The model's trip table is generated by choosing trips ends for which transit competes effectively with private automobiles. The transportation literature suggests this occurs in areas with high-density land uses. Urban economists and spatial analysts call these locations “activity centers” and define them based on employment data. This definition is extended to include classifications of centers and, more importantly, the trip-generating characteristics of a center's employment. This new definition is applied to the Philadelphia metropolitan region using GIS. From the centers identified, eight are chosen for the sub-model due to their proximity to highly congested links.; The sub-regional route choice model quantifies the impacts of changes in auto and transit generalized costs on transit share and regional system performance. Pertinent measures of effectiveness include transit modal split, total system delay (network congestion) and a transit “competitiveness” measure defined for individual and aggregated trip ends. The model is solved using an origin-based algorithm that converges much more rapidly and achieves much higher accuracy than earlier algorithms.; Three auto disincentives measures are tested individually with limited improvement in system performance. Similarly, three transit incentives are evaluated; only modest gains in system performance are observed. Finally, combinations of auto disincentives and transit incentives are implemented. The combined measures markedly improve system performance and reduce user costs compared to the measures testes independently, thereby validating the conceptual findings on a sub-regional level. The research concludes by discussing model limitations and possible extensions of the work.
机译：这项研究提出了一种系统方法-结合了经济理论，空间分析和运输模型-来分析多式联运对运输系统性能的影响。使用效用理论，开发了一种成本模型，以从概念上探讨自动定价，服务的运输质量和简单网络上的模式选择之间的关系。模型结果表明，在提供高质量交通的同时增加对汽车旅行的无用性，可以在可持续的用户平衡下减少整个系统和平均用户成本。该概念方法扩展到宾夕法尼亚州费城网络的次区域多模式路线选择模型，着重于该地区最拥挤的高速公路连接。该模型的行程表是通过选择行程终点来生成的，在该行程终点中，公交可以与私家车有效竞争。运输文献表明，这种情况发生在土地密度高的地区。城市经济学家和空间分析师将这些位置称为“活动中心”，并根据就业数据对其进行定义。这个定义扩展到包括中心的分类，更重要的是，包括中心就业的产生旅行的特征。使用GIS将该新定义应用于费城都会区。从所识别的中心中，由于它们接近高度拥塞的链接，因此选择了八个作为子模型。次区域路线选择模型量化了汽车成本和运输总成本变化对运输份额和区域系统性能的影响。有关有效性的度量包括过境模式拆分，总系统延迟（网络拥塞）以及为单个和汇总行程终点定义的过境“竞争力”度量。该模型使用基于原点的算法来求解，该算法比以前的算法收敛更快，并且精度更高。分别测试了三种自动激励措施，但对系统性能的改进有限。同样，评估了三种过境激励措施；仅观察到系统性能的适度提高。最后，实施了自动激励措施和过境激励措施的结合。与独立的措施相比，合并的措施显着提高了系统性能并降低了用户成本，从而在子区域级别验证了概念性发现。研究通过讨论模型局限性和可能的​​工作扩展而得出结论。

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