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Investigation of the effect of agricultural spray application equipment on damage to entomopathogenic nematodes: A biological pest control agent.

机译：农业喷雾施用设备对昆虫病原线虫危害的研究：一种生物害虫防治剂。

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摘要

Biological pesticides (i.e., biopesticides) are living systems, which introduce additional challenges with respect to formulation and delivery not previously encountered with conventional chemical pesticides. Understanding the effects of the different physical phenomena within a spray system is important to begin identifying the equipment characteristics and operating conditions that are least detrimental to the biological agents. Specifically, this work considered the effects of pressure differentials and hydrodynamic stress on damage to a benchmark biological pest control agent, entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs). Four EPN species were evaluated in this work: Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, H. megidis, Steinernema carpocapsae, and S. glaseri. Additionally, temperature influences due to pump recirculation were investigated. Results from this work indicate that S. carpocapsae nematodes were able to withstand greater pressure differentials and more intensive hydrodynamic conditions than the other EPN species. Consequently, EPN species is an important factor to consider when defining spray operating conditions. Operating pressures within a spray system should not exceed 2000 kPa (290 psi) for H. bacteriophora and S. carpocasae , and 1380 kPa (200 psi) for H. megidis. Other EPN species may require lower pressure. Experimental results of EPN damage after passage through an abrupt contraction and two common types of hydraulic nozzles (flat fan and cone) were compared to flow parameters from numerical simulations of the experimental flow fields using FLUENT, a commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) program. Based on the flow field characteristics, the rotational flow regime within a cone type nozzle produces hydrodynamic conditions that are less damaging to EPNs compared to the extensional flow developed within the narrow, elliptic exit orifice of the flat fan nozzle. It was found that the tensile stress loading that occurs during flow into a constricted region, which characterizes an extensional flow, is damaging to the biological material. An empirical model comparing average energy dissipation rates computed in FLUENT to observed EPN damage was developed. Overall, the model was able to predict the EPN damage after treatment with the hydraulic nozzles well, in many cases within 5%. These results show that CFD is a feasible method to evaluate the flow conditions within an equipment component to assess its compatibility with a biological agent. Finally, extensive recirculation of the tank mix can cause considerable increases in the liquid temperature. It was found that either a diaphragm or roller pump is better suited for use with biopesticides, compared to a high-capacity centrifugal pump, which contributes significant heat to the spray system.
机译：生物杀虫剂（即生物农药）是生命系统，在配制和输送方面带来了其他常规化学杀虫剂以前所没有的其他挑战。了解喷雾系统内不同物理现象的影响对于开始确定对生物制剂危害最小的设备特性和操作条件非常重要。具体来说，这项工作考虑了压力差和流体动力应力对基准生物害虫控制剂昆虫病原线虫（EPNs）的损害。在这项工作中，对四种EPN物种进行了评估：<斜体>细菌性嗜血杆菌，H。megidis，Carteinernema carpocapsae 和 glaseri 。此外，还研究了由于泵再循环引起的温度影响。这项工作的结果表明 S。腕果线虫比其他EPN物种能承受更大的压力差和更强的流体动力条件。因此，EPN种类是定义喷雾操作条件时要考虑的重要因素。对于 H，喷涂系统内的工作压力不应超过2000 kPa（290 psi）。菌体和 S。 carpocasae ， H则为1380 kPa（200 psi）。 megidis 。其他EPN种类可能需要较低的压力。通过FLUENT（一种商业计算流体动力学（CFD）程序）对实验流场的数值模拟，比较了通过突然收缩和两种常见类型的液压喷嘴（扁平风扇和圆锥形）经过后的EPN破坏的实验结果。基于流场特性，与扁平风扇喷嘴狭窄的椭圆形出口孔内产生的拉伸流相比，锥形喷嘴内的旋转流态产生的流体动力条件对EPN的破坏较小。发现在流入狭窄区域的过程中出现的拉伸应力负荷正在损害生物材料，这表征了拉伸流动。建立了将FLUENT中计算的平均能量耗散率与观察到的EPN损坏进行比较的经验模型。总体而言，该模型能够很好地预测液压喷嘴处理后的EPN损坏，在许多情况下，误差在5％以内。这些结果表明，CFD是评估设备组件内流动条件以评估其与生物制剂相容性的可行方法。最后，罐混物的大量再循环会导致液体温度显着升高。已经发现，与高容量离心泵相比，隔膜泵或辊式泵更适合与生物农药一起使用，后者为喷雾系统贡献了大量热量。

著录项

  • 作者

    Fife, Jane Patterson.;

  • 作者单位

    The Ohio State University.;

  • 授予单位 The Ohio State University.;
  • 学科 Engineering Agricultural.; Engineering Environmental.; Biology Entomology.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2003
  • 页码 325 p.
  • 总页数 325
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 农业工程;环境污染及其防治;昆虫学;
  • 关键词

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