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Views to the past: Faunal and geophysical analysis of the open-air Upper Paleolithic site of Verberie.

机译：过去的观点：Verberie露天上旧石器时代遗址的动物和地球物理分析。

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摘要

This dissertation builds upon previous Magdalenian research to reframe a logistical subsistence posture as an active risk-mitigation structure premised upon ensuring predictable surplus economic production at the French Upper Paleolithic site of Verberie le Buisson Campin (hereinafter VBC). Using a detailed faunal and statistical analysis of two faunal datasets to assess taphonomically the role of bone density-mediated vs. anthropogenic taphonomic agencies, this research also correlates bone survivorship with both limb element marrow cavity volume and the meat drying index. A limited program of bone refits attempted to provide evidence for the distribution of meat at the site. Age profiles generated from dental crown height measurements provide strong evidence that younger, perhaps more nutritious and valuable, carcasses were treated quite differently than were geriatric carcasses. There also appears to be a spatial component to the differential age-mediated treatment of reindeer carcasses at VBC. In essence, it appears that seasonal reindeer hunts at VBC were concerned with two eventualities: 1) the attainment of predictable and adequate nutrition for provisioning over winter, and 2) seeking to balance adequate nutrition with future reindeer herd viability. It appears that Magdalenian hunters essentially held young/prime prey targets as an independent variable, and treated the presence of geriatric, elder reindeer herd members as a dependent variable in meeting subsistence needs. Perhaps lower numbers of more nutritious (i.e., containing more and better quality fat reserves in meat and marrow) young/prime animals resulted in taking greater numbers of elderly reindeer to offset potential shortfall; in more abundant times, so long as herd viability could be maintained, greater numbers of more valuable young/prime would be taken along with lower numbers of geriatric reindeer. The fulcrum point of this subsistence balance appears to have been a very active, real-time process of prey item evaluation. Not all animals are equal in nutritional terms hence not all carcasses are evaluated equally. A Ground-penetrating radar study is also included to answer two substantive questions: 1) How representative of the entire site assemblage is the currently excavated sample?; and 2) Are there data visible that are indicative of multiple, interacting "households" as at Pincevent, or does the material scale, configuration, and distribution appear limited to a single household? GPR has proven to be a highly informative and productive near-surface geophysical technique for investigating many archaeological sites, and this research details one of the earliest such applications in a Paleolithic open-air context. At VBC, GPR was highly effective in locating anthropogenic accumulations of unexcavated archaeological materials which were field-tested through excavations during the 2009 field season.
机译：本论文以马格达莱尼亚人先前的研究为基础，将后勤自给状态重新构造为一种主动的风险缓解结构，其前提是确保法国上古石器时代的韦尔比里·勒·布伊森·坎宾（Verberie le Buisson Campin）（以下简称VBC）的可预测的过剩经济生产。通过对两个动物数据集进行详细的动物区系和统计分析，从骨学上评估骨密度介导的与人为的骨学代理机构的作用，这项研究还将骨骼存活与肢体元素骨髓腔体积和肉干指数相关联。有限的骨骼修复程序试图为现场的肉分布提供证据。从牙冠高度的测量结果得出的年龄特征提供了有力的证据，证明年轻，也许更有营养和有价值的valuable体与老年car体的处理方式截然不同。在VBC，驯鹿car体的年龄差异介导的治疗似乎也存在空间成分。从本质上讲，在VBC进行的季节性驯鹿狩猎似乎与两个事件有关：1）获得可预见的和足够的营养以在冬季进行配给，以及2）寻求平衡充足的营养与未来驯鹿群的生存能力。看来，玛格达琳猎人基本上将年轻/主要猎物的目标作为自变量，并将满足老年人需求的老年，老年驯鹿群成员作为因变量。可能数量较少的更具营养的（即，在肉和骨髓中含有更多且质量更好的脂肪储备）幼小/优质动物导致了更多数量的老年驯鹿来弥补潜在的短缺；在更富裕的时期，只要能保持畜群的生存能力，就将采摘更多数量的更有价值的幼龄/幼仔，同时采摘数量较少的老年驯鹿。这种维持生存平衡的支点似乎是一个非常活跃，实时的猎物评估过程。并非所有动物的营养均等，因此并非所有屠体均得到同等评价。还包括一项探地雷达研究，以回答两个实质性问题：1）当前挖掘的样本如何代表整个场地？和2）是否有可见的数据指示在Pincevent发生了多个相互作用的“家庭”，或者材料规模，配置和分布似乎仅限于单个家庭？事实证明，GPR是一种用于调查许多考古现场的高信息量和高产近地地球物理技术，这项研究详细介绍了旧石器时代露天环境中最早的此类应用之一。在VBC，GPR在查找未挖掘考古材料的人为积累方面非常有效，这些考古材料是在2009年野外季节通过挖掘进行现场测试的。

著录项

  • 作者

    Thompson, Jason Randall.;

  • 作者单位

    The University of Iowa.;

  • 授予单位 The University of Iowa.;
  • 学科 Anthropology Archaeology.;European Studies.;Geophysics.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2011
  • 页码 366 p.
  • 总页数 366
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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