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首页> 外文学位 >Leaching tests for assessing management options for industrial solid waste: A case study using ash from the combustion of wood and tires.
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Leaching tests for assessing management options for industrial solid waste: A case study using ash from the combustion of wood and tires.

机译：评估工业固体废物管理选择的浸出测试：以木材和轮胎燃烧产生的灰分为例的案例研究。

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Research was performed to evaluate methodologies currently used to assess risk to human health and the environment through groundwater contamination from the leaching of inorganic contaminants from land-applied industrial waste. This was accomplished through the detailed characterization of one particular type of solid waste (wood and tire (WT) ash), followed by a critical evaluation of the results with respect to current methodologies for assessing risk from the leaching of contaminants to groundwater. The toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP), synthetic precipitation leaching procedure (SPLP) and deionized (DI) water extracted statistically similar concentrations of inorganic constituents. When compared to California's waste extraction test (WET), the TCLP extracted statistically lower concentrations of most inorganic constituents but statistically similar concentrations of barium, calcium and lead. Of the three factors that impact inorganic contaminant leachability examined, extraction pH was found to control metal leachability to the greatest extent.; Lysimeter leaching tests were conducted to better simulate actual environmental conditions. Statistically, the depth of the ash layer did not have an impact on the leachate quality generated by the lysimeters. Except for chromium, statistically similar concentrations of other metals were extracted by lysimeter and batch leaching tests. The lysimeter leachate extracted lower concentrations of ions at equivalent liquid-to-solid ratio than batch leaching tests, but based on the total mass extracted both methods extracted similar concentrations.; Comparing total metal content to theoretical back calculated risk-based standards for leaching found that arsenic, chromium and zinc posed an unacceptable groundwater contamination risk. The risk assessment using the SPLP, however, found aluminum, manganese, sulfate, total dissolved solids and pH to exceed their secondary drinking water standards (DWS). Lead exceeded its risk-based primary DWS in the SPLP leachate. Lysimeter results indicated that aluminum, pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), chlorides and sulfate exceeded their respective secondary DWS and lead exceeded its primary DWS.; The lysimeter leachate concentrations were used to examine a hypothetical land application scenario using the computer program MYGRT. The model indicated that under conditions of sufficient dilution, the land application of WT does not pose an unacceptable risk via groundwater. As a result with limitations with the existing approaches, an alternative approach for assessing risk from land-applied waste was presented. The approach relies on estimating the pore water concentration of the solid waste, and utilizes results from the SPLP and batch leaching test conducted at a much lower liquid-to-solid ratio to approximate the pore water concentrations.
机译：进行了研究，以评估当前用于评估地下水污染的方法，这些方法是通过从土地施用的工业废物中浸出无机污染物而对地下水造成的污染。这是通过对一种特殊类型的固体废物（木材和轮胎（WT）灰）进行详细表征，然后对评估现有方法的结果进行严格评估而进行的，该方法用于评估污染物向地下水中渗出的风险。毒性特征浸出程序（TCLP），合成沉淀浸出程序（SPLP）和去离子水（DI）提取出的无机成分的含量在统计学上相似。与加利福尼亚的废物提取测试（WET）相比，TCLP提取出的大多数无机成分的含量统计上较低，但钡，钙和铅的含量统计上相似。在影响无机污染物浸出性的三个因素中，萃取pH被发现最大程度地控制了金属的浸出性。进行溶渗仪浸出测试以更好地模拟实际环境条件。从统计学上讲，灰分层的深度不会对溶渗仪产生的渗滤液质量产生影响。除铬外，通过溶渗仪和分批浸出试验提取了统计上相似浓度的其他金属。渗滤液渗滤液在等量的液-固比下比批次浸出法提取的离子浓度更低，但基于提取的总质量，两种方法提取的离子浓度相似。将金属总含量与理论计算得出的基于风险的浸出标准进行比较发现，砷，铬和锌构成了不可接受的地下水污染风险。但是，使用SPLP进行的风险评估发现铝，锰，硫酸盐，总溶解固体和pH值超过其二级饮用水标准（DWS）。铅超过了SPLP渗滤液中基于风险的主要DWS。测渗法结果表明，铝，pH，总溶解固体（TDS），氯化物和硫酸盐超过了其各自的次要DWS，铅超过了其主要DWS。使用计算机程序MYGRT，用溶渗计渗滤液浓度检查假设的土地应用方案。该模型表明，在充分稀释的条件下，WT的土地应用不会通过地下水带来不可接受的风险。由于现有方法的局限性，提出了一种替代方法，用于评估来自土地废弃物的风险。该方法依赖于估计固体废物的孔隙水浓度，并利用SPLP和分批浸出测试的结果以低得多的液固比估算孔隙水浓度。

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