首页> 外文学位 >Selection for increased starvation resistance using Drosophila melanogaster: Investigating physiological and life history trait responses to starvation and dietary supplementation in the context of an obese phenotype.
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Selection for increased starvation resistance using Drosophila melanogaster: Investigating physiological and life history trait responses to starvation and dietary supplementation in the context of an obese phenotype.

机译:使用果蝇(Drosophila melanogaster)选择增加的饥饿抵抗力:在肥胖表型的背景下,研究对饥饿和饮食补充的生理和生活史特征反应。

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摘要

Artificial selection for starvation resistance provided insight into the relationships between evolved physiological and life history trait responses following exposure to biologically induced stress. Investigations of alterations to body composition, metabolic rate, movement, and life history traits including development time, female egg production, and longevity in response to brief periods of starvation were conducted on genetically based starvation-resistant and control lines of Drosophila melanogaster. Analysis of the starvation-resistant lines indicated increased energy storage with increased triglyceride deposition and conversion of carbohydrates to lipid, as identified by respiratory quotient values. Correlations between reductions in metabolic rates and movement in the starvation-resistant lines, suggested the presence of an evolved physiological response resulting in energy conservation. Investigations of life history traits in the starvation-resistant lines indicated no significant differences in development time or reproduction between the selected and control lines. Measurements of longevity, however, indicated a significant reduction in starvation-resistant D. melanogaster lifespan. These results suggested that elevated lipid concentrations, similar to that observed with obesity, were correlated with premature mortality. Exposure of the starvation-resistant and control lines to diets supplemented with glucose, palmitic acid, and a 2:1 mixture of casein to albumin were used to investigate alterations in body composition, movement, and life history traits. Results obtained from this study indicated that increased sugar in the diet led to increased carbohydrate, glycogen, total sugar, trehalose, and triglyceride concentrations, while increased fat and protein in the diet resulted in increased soluble protein, carbohydrate, glycogen, total sugar, and trehalose concentrations. Examination of life history trait responses indicated reduced fecundity in females exposed to increased glucose concentrations. Increased supplementations of palmitic acid was consistently correlated with an overall reduction in lifespan in both the starvation-resistant and control Drosophila lines, while measurements of movement indicated increased female activity levels in flies exposed to diets supplemented with fat and protein. Analyses of the physiological and life history trait responses to starvation and dietary supplementation on Drosophila melanogaster used in the present study has implications for investigating the mechanisms underlying the development and persistence of human obesity and associated metabolic disorders.
机译:饥饿选择的人工选择提供了对暴露于生物诱导的应激后进化的生理和生活史特质反应之间关系的见解。在果蝇的果蝇抗饥饿和控制品系上,研究了其对身体组成,代谢率,运动和生活史特征的改变,包括发育时间,雌性卵的产生和对短暂饥饿的响应,以响应短暂的饥饿。耐饥饿性系的分析表明,通过呼吸商值可以确定,随着甘油三酸酯沉积的增加以及从碳水化合物到脂质的转化,能量存储增加。代谢速率降低与抗饥饿株系运动之间的相关性表明存在进化的生理反应,从而导致了能量的节约。对耐饥饿性品系的生活史特征的研究表明,所选品系和对照品系在发育时间或繁殖方面无显着差异。然而,对寿命的测量表明,抗饥饿的D. melanogaster寿命显着降低。这些结果表明,类似于肥胖症观察到的血脂浓度升高与过早死亡相关。补充葡萄糖,棕榈酸和酪蛋白与酪蛋白2:1混合物的饮食中的抗饥饿和控制系暴露于人体成分,运动和生活史特征的变化。从这项研究中获得的结果表明,饮食中糖的增加会导致碳水化合物,糖原,总糖,海藻糖和甘油三酸酯的浓度增加,而饮食中脂肪和蛋白质的增加会导致可溶性蛋白质,碳水化合物,糖原,总糖和海藻糖浓度。对生活史特征反应的检查表明,暴露于葡萄糖浓度升高的女性的生殖力降低。补充棕榈酸的增加与抗饥饿和果蝇品系的寿命总体降低有关,而运动的测量表明,暴露于添加了脂肪和蛋白质的饮食的果蝇中雌性活动水平增加。在本研究中使用的果蝇对饥饿和饮食补充的生理和生活史性状反应的分析对研究人类肥胖症和相关代谢性疾病的发展和持续存在的机制具有意义。

著录项

  • 作者单位

    The University of Nebraska - Lincoln.;

  • 授予单位 The University of Nebraska - Lincoln.;
  • 学科 Biology Genetics.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2010
  • 页码 242 p.
  • 总页数 242
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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