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Finding time for democracy: A theory of political equality.

机译：争取民主的时间：政治平等理论。

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摘要

Many of us value democracy at least in part because it promises to respect the political equality of citizens: the idea that each member of society is equally authoritative over matters of common life. But it is not obvious what that abstract idea implies about how we ought to design collective decision-making institutions. Even in relatively longstanding democracies, controversies remain about the proper democratic design of legislatures, election systems, and the judiciary, to take some important examples. Resolving these disputes requires some understanding of why political equality is valuable and important, and what it requires of our decision-making institutions.;I argue that political equality requires institutions and practices that respect the equal political status of citizens. I criticize the common view that political equality primarily involves equality of power---for example, equal voting power. This narrow form of equality unduly focuses on the moment of translating citizens' judgments into common decisions, and fails to attend to citizens' interests in fairness throughout decision-making processes that extend over time.;I claim instead that political equality requires what I call the appropriate consideration of each citizen's judgments. Instead of attempting to distribute to citizens what I call narrow command authority over the laws, democratic regimes ought to guarantee to citizens a variety of forms of consideration---that is, ways the regime will take each citizen's views into account in the decision-making process. I analyze different forms of meaningful consideration, and explain how the ideal of equal political status regulates what consideration is due to citizens. I propose some general principles for fairly aggregating citizens' judgments into a common decision, as well as principles for fair political deliberation. I then discuss what these general principles imply for some controversies relating to the representation of groups in legislatures.;I do not attempt to vindicate the claim that justice requires political equality. I aim, however, to elaborate what political equality requires for those who are committed democrats, and to inform the question of how justice and democracy relate by improving our understanding of what the latter involves, and why it morally matters.
机译：我们中的许多人至少部分地重视民主，因为它承诺尊重公民的政治平等：社会的每个成员在共同生活事务上都具有同等权威的观念。但是，抽象概念对我们应该如何设计集体决策机构的含义并不明显。即使在相对长期存在的民主国家中，对于立法机关，选举制度和司法机构的适当民主设计仍存在争议，以举一些重要的例子为例。解决这些争端需要对政治平等为何有价值和重要以及我们的决策机构需要什么有一定的了解。；我认为政治平等需要尊重公民平等政治地位的体制和实践。我批评一种普遍的观点，即政治平等主要涉及权力平等，例如平等的投票权。这种狭narrow的平等形式过分关注于将公民的判断转化为共同的决定的时刻，并且在随着时间的推移而进行的整个决策过程中，没有公平地考虑公民的利益。我主张政治平等需要我所说的适当考虑每个公民的判断。民主政权不应试图向公民分配我所谓的狭窄的法律指挥权，而应向公民保证多种形式的考虑-即政权在决策中考虑每个公民观点的方式-制作过程。我分析了有意义的考虑的不同形式，并解释了平等政治地位的理想如何调节对公民的考虑。我提出了一些将公民的判断公正地汇集到一个共同的决定中的一般原则，以及公正的政治审议的原则。然后，我将讨论这些一般性原则对与立法机关中的团体代表制有关的某些争议所意味着的含义。；我不试图证明正义需要政治平等的主张。但是，我的目的是阐述对那些忠于民主的人的政治平等有何要求，并通过增进我们对民主与民主的涵义以及其在道德上的重要性的了解，来告知正义与民主如何联系的问题。

著录项

  • 作者

    Wilson, James Lindley.;

  • 作者单位

    Princeton University.;

  • 授予单位 Princeton University.;
  • 学科 Political science.;Philosophy.;Ethics.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2011
  • 页码 244 p.
  • 总页数 244
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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