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Multichannel beam-steering and beam-forming arrays for wireless communications.

机译：用于无线通信的多通道波束控制和波束形成阵列。

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摘要

Remarkable growth in wireless communications has brought increased demand for transmission capacity, area coverage, and power efficiency. Combined with frequency, code, time, and space division multiplexing techniques, multi-channel antenna arrays are expected to resolve these demands by offering highly efficient and intelligent communication services with beam-steering and beam-forming capabilities.; Planar phased arrays provide delay-and-sum beamforming by controlling the phase of each element, and they increase data capacity by multiplying the diversity gain proportional to the number of elements. However, expensive high-resolution RF phase shifters and complicated control circuits make them impractical for commercial use. Adaptive arrays not only perform main-beam steering for desired signals, but also direct nulls toward interference signals. This optimum pattern control is conferred by advanced adaptive weighting algorithms in the DSP. Their ability to suppress interference substantially improves environmental impairments such as co-channel interference, delay spread, and multipath fading. However, in current digital beamforming architectures, the system throughput is limited by the I/O and signal processing speeds of the digital circuits.; This dissertation presents two types of antenna array systems for cost-effective, high-speed multi-channel wireless communications. First, a frequency-controlled beam-steering array with a mixing frequency compensation scheme is proposed. A very simple phased array structure without RF phase shifters is realized for low-cost base-station antennas. The new feed line structure improves on the bandwidth, beam squint, and RF amplitude imbalance caused by the delay lines in traditional frequency-controlled phased arrays. This array radiates only one beam at a time; however, it enables multi-channel data communication by transmitting multiple RF frequencies in K-band. Two-channel simultaneous RF transmission with a data rate of 50 Mb/s is demonstrated.; Secondly, a high-speed multi-beam adaptive array system is proposed. A new architecture, based on the multi-tone weighting process realized by analog-digital hybrid circuits, enables real-time multi-beam formations and communications with adaptive pattern control. In this architecture, a single beamforming circuit can handle multiple beams, leading to a significant reduction of hardware counts and expenses. The 5.8 GHz eight-element test-bed with two-channel adaptive beamforming capability has been implemented. The measured SDMA performance under simultaneous dual-beam reception is presented.
机译：无线通信的显着增长带来了对传输容量，区域覆盖范围和功率效率的不断增长的需求。结合频率，代码，时间和空分复用技术，多信道天线阵列有望通过提供具有波束控制和波束形成功能的高效和智能通信服务来解决这些需求。平面相控阵通过控制每个元素的相位来提供延迟和求和波束形成，并且它们通过与元素数量成正比乘以分集增益来增加数据容量。然而，昂贵的高分辨率RF移相器和复杂的控制电路使其在商业上不切实际。自适应阵列不仅可以对所需信号执行主光束转向，而且还可以将零点指向干扰信号。 DSP中先进的自适应加权算法赋予了这种最佳的模式控制。它们抑制干扰的能力大大改善了环境损害，例如同信道干扰，延迟扩展和多径衰落。然而，在当前的数字波束成形架构中，系统吞吐量受数字电路的I / O和信号处理速度的限制。本文提出了两种用于低成本，高速多信道无线通信的天线阵列系统。首先，提出了一种具有混合频率补偿方案的频率控制波束控制阵列。对于低成本基站天线，可以实现一种非常简单的无射频移相器的相控阵结构。新的馈线结构改善了由传统频率控制相控阵中的延迟线引起的带宽，波束斜视和RF振幅不平衡。该阵列一次仅发射一束光束。但是，它通过在K波段中传输多个RF频率来实现多通道数据通信。演示了数据速率为50 Mb / s的两通道同时RF传输。其次，提出了一种高速多波束自适应阵列系统。一种新的体系结构，基于由模数混合电路实现的多音调加权过程，可实现实时多波束形成以及具有自适应模式控制的通信。在这种架构中，单个波束成形电路可以处理多个波束，从而大大减少了硬件数量和费用。具有两通道自适应波束形成功能的5.8 GHz八元素测试台已经实现。给出了同时双波束接收下测得的SDMA性能。

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  • 作者

    Nishio, Takahide.;

  • 作者单位

    University of California, Los Angeles.;

  • 授予单位 University of California, Los Angeles.;
  • 学科 Engineering Electronics and Electrical.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2003
  • 页码 102 p.
  • 总页数 102
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 无线电电子学、电信技术;
  • 关键词

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