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Mother-of-pearls: The entwined history of shell and pearl in Arkansas.

机译：珍珠母：阿肯色州贝壳和珍珠的交织历史。

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摘要

This dissertation explores the culture and commerce surrounding Arkansas's freshwater mussel. Slightly more than a century ago it generated excitement for its pearls. The next fifty years or so transformed tons of shell into millions of button blanks bound for northern and eastern finishing plants. During the last half of the twentieth century, beads made from the shell inoculated oysters for the cultured pearl industry.;Regionally, the mollusk's usage extends back to early Native Americans who made tools from the shell and used the pearls for adornment or burial practices. Medieval and Renaissance Europeans desired pearls as a display of wealth and power. Freshwater pearls, once common throughout European streams, were harvested to depletion in order to feed the insatiable demand for the gems. When the Spanish and English embarked on global explorations, pearls were one of the treasures they sought. Revolution eventually upended the royal way of life and extravagant displays of wealth became unfashionable, if not outright dangerous.;As the eastern half of the present day United States was settled, knowledge of the pearls and use of the shell faded from community memory. Rediscovered in the mid-to-late 1800s, a pearl rush rolled across the eastern United States leaving mounds of empty shells in its wake. The button industry utilized this raw material, and small factories dotted northeast Arkansas river towns in the first half of the twentieth century.;Harvesting the shell with modified farming tools, and later ingeniously engineered diving equipment, provided extra income for local families. Even after plastic replaced mother-of-pearl and local button blank manufacturing faded away, divers continued to harvest mussel shells for the Japanese cultured pearl industry. For the latter half of the century the mussel still served as a raw material until the recent advancement of Chinese non-nucleated freshwater pearls eliminated the need for shell nuclei.;This research, and the accompanying documentary video, traces the history of shell and pearl, documents the search for old button blank factories, and reintroduces the story that had largely disappeared from community memory.
机译：本文探讨了阿肯色州淡水贻贝的文化和商业。一个多世纪以前，它的珍珠令人兴奋。接下来的五十年左右，将数吨的贝壳变成了数百万个用于北部和东部修整厂的纽扣毛坯。在二十世纪后半叶，用贝壳制成的珠子将牡蛎接种到养殖珍珠业上。在某些地区，软体动物的使用范围可追溯到早期的美洲印第安人，他们使用贝壳制作工具，并将珍珠用于装饰或掩埋。中世纪和文艺复兴时期的欧洲人都希望珍珠能够显示出财富和力量。淡水珍珠曾经在整个欧洲流域很常见，但为了满足人们对宝石的无限需求，它们被收获后逐渐枯竭。当西班牙语和英语开始全球探险时，珍珠便是他们寻求的宝藏之一。革命最终颠覆了王室的生活方式，奢侈的财富陈列甚至不算是绝对危险的，也变得过时。当美国东部定居时，人们对珍珠的了解和对贝壳的使用从社区记忆中消失了。在1800年代中后期重新发现，珍珠热潮在美国东部蔓延开来，留下了成堆的空壳。纽扣行业利用了这种原材料，在20世纪上半叶，小工厂遍布了阿肯色州东北部的城镇。;用改良的农具收割贝壳，后来巧妙地设计了潜水设备，为当地家庭增加了收入。即使用塑料代替了珍珠母贝，而当地的纽扣坯料生产逐渐消失，潜水员仍继续为日本养殖珍珠业收获贻贝贝壳。在本世纪下半叶，贻贝一直用作原材料，直到中国无核淡水珍珠的最新发展消除了对壳核的需求。该研究以及随附的纪录片追溯了壳和珍珠的历史记录了对旧按钮空白工厂的搜索，并重新介绍了从社区记忆中消失的故事。

著录项

  • 作者

    Shoults, Lenore.;

  • 作者单位

    Arkansas State University.;

  • 授予单位 Arkansas State University.;
  • 学科 History United States.;Environmental Studies.;Regional Studies.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2010
  • 页码 288 p.
  • 总页数 288
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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