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首页> 外文学位 >Assessment of reductive dechlorination of vinyl chloride and characterization of enrichments that grow on vinyl chloride as the sole carbon and energy source.
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Assessment of reductive dechlorination of vinyl chloride and characterization of enrichments that grow on vinyl chloride as the sole carbon and energy source.

机译：评估氯乙烯的还原性脱氯作用，并表征以氯乙烯为唯一碳和能源的浓缩物的特性。

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Dehalogenation of vinyl bromide (VB) was investigated as a surrogate measurement for the dechlorination potential of vinyl chloride (VC). A substantially shorter (up to 5–7 times) incubation time would be required to detect the same level of reductive dehalogenation activity using VB as a surrogate for VC in treatability assessments.; Molecular methods were used to compare the microbial communities of these two enrichments those were able to reduce trichloroethene (TCE) and cis-1,2-dichloroethene (cis-DCE) to ethene. The results led to the identification of an organism closely related to Dehalococcoides ethenogenes as the presumptive dechlorinator in both enrichments. Different electron acceptors affected the bacterial diversity and the community profiles of the two enrichments. Most of the sequences identified shared high similarities with sequences previously obtained from other dechlorinating cultures and contaminated aquifers.; A stable anaerobic enrichment was established at room temperature (20–22°C) in which vinyl chloride served as the sole carbon and energy source in mineral media following repeated transfers and dilutions for over 3 years. Stoichiometric chloride production confirmed the dechlorination of VC. CO2 accounted for >60% of the product from degradation of 13C-VC. Members within the Cytophaga-Flexibacter-Bacteroides (CFB) group were found to be predominant in the clone libraries of the enrichment.; An aerobic VC-oxidizing consortium has been established that can grow on VC as sole carbon and energy source at 22°C in mineral media following repeated transfers for over 2 years. The enrichment was able to transform VB (vinyl bromide), cis-DCE (cis-dichloroethene) and TCE (trichloroethane) but not 1,1,1-TCA (1,1,1-trichloroethane). A Flexibacter sp. was found to be the most abundant in the clone library and its 16s rDNA sequence was nearly identical to the dominant sequence identified in the seeded anaerobic VC-enrichment.; An ethene enrichment was developed using seed from an anaerobic VC-degrading culture. It was able to aerobically degrade VC and other halogenated compounds such as VB and cis-DCE but not TCE. Under anaerobic condition, the culture was still able to degrade VC, but the transformation rate was much slower than that under aerobic condition. Novel Flexibacter species were found to be the most abundant in the ethene-enriched culture.
机译：研究了乙烯基溴（VB）的脱卤作用，作为氯乙烯（VC）脱氯潜能的替代指标。要使用VB作为可治疗性评估中VC的替代物，检测相同水平的还原性脱卤活性需要相当短的孵育时间（最多5至7倍）。分子方法被用来比较这两种富集的微生物群落，它们能够将三氯乙烯（TCE）和顺式1,2-二氯乙烯（顺式-DCE）还原为乙烯。结果导致鉴定出与两种浓缩中推定的脱氯剂有关的与 Dehalococcoides ethenogenes 密切相关的生物。不同的电子受体影响两种富集的细菌多样性和群落特征。鉴定的大多数序列与先前从其他脱氯培养物和受污染的含水层获得的序列具有高度相似性。在室温（20–22°C）下建立了稳定的厌氧富集，其中氯乙烯作为矿物介质中的唯一碳和能源，经过反复转移和稀释3年以上。化学计量的氯化物生产证实了VC的脱氯作用。 CO 2 占 13 C-VC降解产物的60％以上。在富集的克隆文库中，发现了食丝藻-弯曲杆菌-拟杆菌（CFB）组中的成员。已经建立了一个好氧的VC氧化财团，该物质可以在VC上生长，成为矿物介质中22°C下唯一的碳和能源，经过两年多的重复转移。该富集能够转化VB（乙烯基溴），顺式-DCE（顺式-二氯乙烯）和TCE（三氯乙烷），但不能转化1,1,1-TCA（1,1,1-三氯乙烷）。 Flexibacter sp.。被发现是克隆文库中最丰富的，其16s rDNA序列与种子厌氧VC富集中鉴定的优势序列几乎相同。使用来自厌氧VC降解培养物的种子开发了乙烯富集产品。它能够好氧降解VC和其他卤代化合物，例如VB和顺式DCE，但不能降解TCE。在厌氧条件下，培养物仍能降解VC，但转化速度要比有氧条件下慢得多。发现新的 Flexibacter 种类在富含乙烯的培养物中含量最高。

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