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首页> 外文学位 >Towards sustainable homes through optimization: An approach to balancing life cycle environmental impacts and life cycle costs in residential buildings.
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Towards sustainable homes through optimization: An approach to balancing life cycle environmental impacts and life cycle costs in residential buildings.

机译：通过优化实现可持续住宅的发展：一种平衡生命周期环境影响与住宅建筑生命周期成本的方法。

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摘要

In this study an optimisation model that is intended to minimise life cycle cost, subject to a set of environmental impact constraints, was put forward as a design support tool that embraces the principles of both inter-generational and intra-generational equity and has the potential to move the residential building industry towards sustainability.; A literature review, which laid the foundation for the research, revealed eight key foci of current attempts at sustainable architecture: (i) site selection and building orientation; (ii) material selection; (iii) construction methodology; (iv) energy consumption; (v) water consumption; (vi) waste management; (vii) indoor environmental quality; and (viii) cost.; With the aid of a case study, two of the structural components (walls and floors) and three of the envelope components (insulation, windows and cladding) were compared on the basis of six environmental indicators to demonstrate the mechanics of the model. The indicators used were embodied energy, solid waste generated, an air pollution index, a water pollution index, global warming potential and ecologically weighted raw resource use. The life cycle cost for each of the alternatives was also compared.; It was found that the structural changes had an overall negative environmental impact at an increased cost and thus were not considered feasible alternatives. Changes to the envelope components produced more interesting results.; There were two main conclusions from the case study results: (i) more innovative components are needed in order to improve upon the base house and (ii) operational energy is the main issue that needs to be addressed if lower life cycle environmental impacts are to be achieved at lower costs under prevailing conditions. Thus, energy efficiency in the use phase and the quest for low cost energy sources that have lower environmental impacts become critical.; The main strengths of the model are its flexibility and ease of use. The greatest limitation is lack of environmental impact data on (i) more innovative component options and (ii) mechanical systems choices. With the improvements outlined, the full potential of the model as an effective design tool geared towards increased sustainability in the residential building industry may be realised.
机译：在这项研究中，提出了一种优化模型，该模型旨在将生命周期成本减至最小，这要受到一系列环境影响的约束，它是一种包含代际和代内公平原则的设计支持工具，具有潜在的使住宅建筑业朝着可持续发展方向发展；文献综述为研究奠定了基础，揭示了当前可持续建筑尝试的八个关键重点：（i）选址和建筑方向; （ii）材料选择； （iii）施工方法； （iv）能源消耗； （v）用水量； （vi）废物管理； （vii）室内环境质量； （viii）费用。在一个案例研究的帮助下，在六个环境指标的基础上，比较了两个结构部件（墙壁和地板）和三个包络部件（隔热，窗户和覆层），以证明模型的机理。所使用的指标包括能源，产生的固体废物，空气污染指数，水污染指数，全球变暖潜力和生态加权原始资源的使用。还比较了每个替代方案的生命周期成本。人们发现，结构变更对整体环境造成负面影响，但成本增加，因此不被视为可行的替代方案。信封组件的更改产生了更有趣的结果。案例研究结果有两个主要结论：（i）需要更多的创新组件来改善基础房;（ii）如果要降低生命周期对环境的影响，则必须解决运营能源的主要问题在当前条件下以较低的成本实现。因此，在使用阶段的能源效率以及对具有较低环境影响的低成本能源的追求变得至关重要。该模型的主要优点是其灵活性和易用性。最大的限制是缺乏（i）更多创新组件选择和（ii）机械系统选择方面的环境影响数据。通过概述的改进，可以实现该模型作为有效的设计工具的全部潜力，以提高住宅建筑行业的可持续性。

著录项

  • 作者

    Zachariah, Jose-Ann Leslie.;

  • 作者单位

    University of Toronto (Canada).;

  • 授予单位 University of Toronto (Canada).;
  • 学科 Engineering Civil.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2003
  • 页码 314 p.
  • 总页数 314
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 建筑科学;
  • 关键词

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