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The overlooked majority: German women in the four zones of occupied Germany, 1945--1949, a comparative study

机译：被忽视的多数：1945--1949年，被占领德国四个地区的德国妇女，比较研究

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摘要

When the Allies entered Germany in late-1944, most of the male population of Germany was either incapacitated or absent. German women, the majority of the German population, were left behind to deal with rebuilding Germany under the supervision of military governments. This dissertation is the story of German women in the Soviet, British, American and French zones of occupation and a comparison of their experiences.;The Soviets immediately set up German socialist organizations to incorporate German women into the new communist government of the East. The British used a decentralized approach, which allowed some British women working for the military government to experiment with the education of German women. After this policy demonstrated itself to be useful, and the Soviets founded a large centralized German women's organization in March 1947, the British implemented an official policy of educating German women to participate in Germany's recovery. The British even brought German women to England to attend civic education courses.;The Americans were rather late in recognizing German women as an important group. Once they did in late-1947 the Americans formed a Women's Affairs Branch of their military government, which had a limited effect on assisting German women to become politically active.;The French never had a program to assist German women. Instead, the French watched German women as a potentially dangerous political faction.;The work of German women in the Soviet zone and the reaction of the western occupation powers helped stir German women to a new level of political consciousness. German women now hold more seats in the German representative assemblies than women in any other large western-style democracy.;Military commanders planning and executing occupations can learn from the successes and mistakes of all of the military governments of Germany 1945--1949. The fact that the western Allies won the Cold War is due not to their excellent occupation policies but due to the mistakes of the Soviets in foreign and military policy. This study also illuminates the political culture of each of the occupying powers.
机译：当同盟国于1944年末进入德国时，德国的大多数男性人口无能力或没有能力。在军事政府的监督下，德国妇女占了德国人口的大部分，被遗弃以重建德国。本文是关于德国妇女在苏联，英国，美国和法国占领区的故事以及他们的经历的比较。苏联立即成立了德国社会主义组织，将德国妇女纳入东方新的共产主义政府。英国人采用分散管理的方法，这使一些为军政府工作的英国妇女可以尝试德国妇女的教育。这项政策证明自己的用处之后，苏联人于1947年3月成立了一个大型的中央集权的德国妇女组织，英国实施了一项教育德国妇女参加德国复兴的官方政策。英国人甚至将德国妇女带到英国参加公民教育课程。美国人承认德国妇女是一个重要群体还为时已晚。一旦他们在1947年后期这样做，美国人就成立了其军事政府的妇女事务处，这对协助德国妇女参政的作用有限。法国人从未制定过援助德国妇女的计划。相反，法国人将德国妇女视为潜在的危险政治派系。；德国妇女在苏维埃地区的工作以及西方占领国的反应，将德国妇女带入了新的政治意识水平。现在，德国妇女在德国国会中所占的席位比任何其他大型西方民主国家中的妇女都多。;计划和执行职业的军事指挥官可以从1945--1949年德国所有军事政府的成败中吸取教训。西方盟国赢得冷战的事实，不是由于他们出色的占领政策，而是由于苏联人在外交和军事政策上的失误。这项研究还阐明了每个占领国的政治文化。

著录项

  • 作者

    Stark, John Robert.;

  • 作者单位

    The Ohio State University.;

  • 授予单位 The Ohio State University.;
  • 学科 European history.;Womens studies.;Modern history.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2003
  • 页码 433 p.
  • 总页数 433
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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