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Natural experiments in European economic history: The Reformation, the French Revolution, and medieval universities.

机译：欧洲经济史中的自然实验：改革，法国大革命和中世纪大学。

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This dissertation consists of three essays related both by their common topic---an investigation into the long-run determinants of economic progress in European history---and by their reliance on natural experiments as a source to identify causal effects.;The first essay approaches the "Weber hypothesis" by considering the growth of German cities over the period 1300--1900. I exploit the heterogeneity and stability of denominational affiliations across the territories of the Holy Roman Empire. I find no effects of Protestantism on economic growth; this result is robust to the inclusion of a variety of controls, and does not depend on data selection or small sample size. In addition, Protestantism has no effect when interacted with other likely determinants of economic development. I also analyze the endogeneity of religious choice; instrumental variables estimates of the effects of Protestantism are similar to the OLS results.;The second essay considers the impact of the French Revolution on neighboring countries. French invasion removed the legal and economic barriers that protected the nobility, guilds, and urban oligarchies and established the principle of equality before the law, preparing those economies to reap the benefits of new economic and industrial opportunities in the second half of the 19th century. We find that areas occupied by the French experienced more rapid urbanization and economic growth, especially after 1850. A two-stage least squares strategy confirms that, within the territories of Germany, the economic and social reforms instigated by the French had a causal effect on economic growth.;The last essay analyzes the "Commercial Revolution" of the late Middle Ages. We present a new dataset that documents the economic transformation of the German lands of the Holy Roman Empire using information on the incorporation of cities and the establishment of markets. Using this dataset, we find that medieval universities, exogenously established in Germany as a result of the Papal Schism, supported increased economic activity. We argue that medieval universities affected market expansion by training thousands of individuals in the law; these individuals then went on to shape the legal institutions that enforced contracts and structured economic activity.

机译：本文由三篇论文组成，这两篇论文的共同主题是对欧洲历史上经济发展的长期决定因素的调查，而后者则依靠自然实验来确定因果关系。这篇文章通过考虑1300--1900年德国城市的增长来探讨“韦伯假说”。我在整个神圣罗马帝国的领土上利用宗派关系的异质性和稳定性。我发现新教对经济增长没有影响。此结果对于包含各种控件是可靠的，并且不依赖于数据选择或小的样本量。此外，新教与其他可能影响经济发展的决定因素相互作用时没有任何作用。我还分析了宗教选择的内生性。新教主义影响的工具变量估计与OLS结果相似。；第二篇文章考虑了法国大革命对邻国的影响。法国的入侵消除了保护贵族，行会和城市寡头的法律和经济障碍，并确立了法律面前人人平等的原则，为这些经济体准备在19世纪下半叶收获新的经济和工业机会带来的好处。我们发现，法国人占领的地区经历了更快的城市化和经济增长，尤其是在1850年之后。采用了两阶段最小二乘策略，证实了在法国境内，法国人发起的经济和社会改革对法国产生了因果关系。经济增长。；上一篇文章分析了中世纪晚期的“商业革命”。我们提供了一个新的数据集，它使用有关城市合并和市场建立的信息来记录神圣罗马帝国德国土地的经济转型。使用此数据集，我们发现，由于教皇分裂而在德国外来建立的中世纪大学支持经济活动的增长。我们认为，中世纪的大学通过培训成千上万的法律人来影响市场的扩张。然后，这些人继续塑造执行合同和结构化经济活动的法律机构。

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作者
Cantoni, Davide Werner.;
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作者单位

Harvard University.;

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授予单位 Harvard University.;
学科 History European.;Economics History.
学位 Ph.D.
年度 2010
页码 217 p.
总页数 217
原文格式 PDF
正文语种 eng
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机译：点评：历史的研究：一个书目指南，历史的英语理念从柯勒律治到科林伍德，英国当地历史，亚瑟和他的英语变脸：亚瑟王传说中中世纪英国生活和文学，在英国文艺复兴时期颁布性别舞台上，莎士比亚的女性结局，写英文共和国：诗歌，修辞学和政治学1627年至1660年，对旧的新故事：在小说中，天主教和反天主教在早期现代英语文本，长子继承权和继承权在英国圣经模式：综述文学中的历史和代表，通过对小说恢复的英语内战：一个注释的参考书目，戴安娜，自我利益和英国国家身份，古人与现代人之间的古典罗马的痕迹和古典罗马：巴洛克文化在恢复英格兰，浪漫英格兰的Bacchus：1780-1830，厌恶经济学的作家和饮料：十八世纪的文学业务ritain，伪造的房子在十八世纪的英国，穿着我们的衣服，牛津伴侣的浪漫时代：英国文化，1776 - 1832，国内空间：阅读十九世纪的内部，维多利亚人理论上：从德里达到布朗，美德的年龄：英国文化从恢复到浪漫主义，悲惨的痛苦：维多利亚州的残疾和感情，妇女作家第一次世界大战：一个注释的书目，文学中的酒吧，英国工业小说，人类的缘故想要：市场苏格里希第德森市场的经济和美学。 C.，历史的研究：一个书目指南，第二版，曼彻斯特大学出版社，2000，第十四+ 140，£40.00.ParkerChristopher，历史的英语从理念到柯勒律治科林伍德，Ashgate出版社，2000，页。 VII + 244，£45.Richardsonr。 C.（ed。），英语当地历史的变化面孔，ashgate，2000，pp。viii + 218，£45.00.00.00.Parronw。 RJ（编辑），亚瑟和他的英文：亚瑟王传说中中世纪英国生活和文学，威尔士出版社，1999年大学，第398，£35.00.ComensoliViviana和RussellAnne（EDS），英国文艺复兴舞台上颁布性别，伊利诺伊大学出版社，1999，第270页，18.95英镑; SaunderseVe Rachel，在早期现代英格兰舞台上的雷切尔，性别和识字，剑桥大学出版社，1999，PP。260，£35.BerringPhilippa，莎士比亚的女性化的遗址，Routledge，1999，PP。197，£15.99 PB。 Bellilona，伊丽莎白裔女性和甲师诗歌，剑桥大学出版社，1998，PP。262，£35.00.norbrookdavid，写英国共和国：诗歌，修辞和政治1627-1660，剑桥大学出版社，1999，PP。XIII + 509 ，£40.FischHarold，对于旧的新故事：在小说，Macmillan出版社，1998年，第圣经模式X + 236，£42.50; Fischharold，Shakespeare，Milton和Blake的圣经存在，1999年，PP。Xi + 330，£45.marottiarthur F.（Ed。），天主教和早期现代英语文本，Macmillan，1999，PP的天主教和反天主教。XVII + 266，£47.50; Shellalison，天主教，争议和英国文学想象，1558-1660，剑桥大学出版社，1999，PP。XI + 309，£37.50.Jamoussizouheir，Punigoghts和Envland在英国：他们在文学中的历史和代表调查，中心出版大学，突尼斯，1999，PP。293,8 DT.Murphorn Xane C.，英语内战通过虚构的恢复：一个注释书目，格林伍德出版社，韦斯特波特，CT，CT。，2000，PP。VIII + 349，£63.95 .HammondPaul，德莱顿和古典罗马，克拉伦登出版社，牛津，1999年的痕迹，第305，£45.00.LevineJoseph M.，古人和现代人之间：巴洛克文化恢复英格兰，耶鲁大学出版社，1999，页。 XIV + 279，£27.50.50.50.5.50.Tayloranya，浪漫英格兰的Bacchus：作家和饮料，1780-1830，Macmillan，1999，PP。Xi + 264，£47.50.Mandelllaura，罕有内容：十八世纪英国的文学业务，肯塔基州大学，1999，PP。X + 228，$ 42.00.Bainespaul，在十八世纪的英国伪造之家，阿什捷，1999年，PP。第八次+ 195，£47.50.50.50.50.Munnsjessica和Richardspenny（EDS），穿着我们，纽瓦克，特拉华大学出版社，1999，PP。362，£ 37.McCalmanIain（编辑），牛津伴侣对浪漫的年龄：英国文化，1776年至1832年，牛津大学出版社，1999，页。 XII + 780，£85.Brydeninga和Floydjanet（EDS），国内空间：阅读十九世纪内部，曼彻斯特大学出版社，1999，PP。XII + 219，£40.00; KiddAlan和NichollsDavid（EDS），性别，公民文化和消费：在英国，1800年至1940年中产阶层的身份，曼彻斯特大学出版社，1999年，第十四+ 223，£46.00，PB。 14.99英镑的理论上，从Derrida到Browning，曼彻斯特大学出版社，1999年，PP。X + 180，£40.Moreedavid，富于浪漫主义，2000，2000，PP。八+ 330，£45.Klesmary，悲惨的痛苦：宾夕法尼亚大学的维多利亚州美国的残疾和感情，1999年，第211次，第一次第一次世界大战的妇女作家：一名注册参考书目，rutledge，2000，pp。230，75英镑; TyleeClaire与Turnerelaine和Cardinalagnes（EDS），战争扮演妇女：国际选集，Routledge，2000，PP。225，£16.99 PB.Taylorjohn A.，戴安娜，自身利益和英国国家身份，Praeger，2000，PP 。169，£44.95.EARNShawsteven，文学中的酒吧，曼彻斯特大学出版社，2000，PP。X + 294，£45和15.99英镑PB.Klaush。古斯塔夫和骑士。（EDS），英国工业小说，威尔士大学出版社，2000，PP。VIII + 212，£14.99 PB。 Balchjack S.，伊利诺伊大学高中中午的灯，2000年，PP。XL + 404，$ 19.45 PB。康罗伊士队，伊利诺伊大学的世界胜利，2000年，PP。XXXV + 348，17.95磅PB.Gagnierregenia，人类想要的缘故：市场学会的经济学和美学，芝加哥大学出版社，2000，PP。352，£ 10.50 PB。

Natural experiments in European economic history: The Reformation, the French Revolution, and medieval universities.

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