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首页> 外文学位 >Fievre comportementale des acridiens (Orthoptera: Acrididoidae): Role de la thermoregulation dans la defense immunitaire contre les mycoses induites par les champignons entomopathogenes (Hyphomycetes) (French text).
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Fievre comportementale des acridiens (Orthoptera: Acrididoidae): Role de la thermoregulation dans la defense immunitaire contre les mycoses induites par les champignons entomopathogenes (Hyphomycetes) (French text).

机译：蝗虫的行为热（直翅目：Ac科）：体温调节在对昆虫病原真菌（菌丝）诱导的真菌感染的免疫防御中的作用（法文）。

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摘要

Fungi are among the most important pathogens of grasshoppers and locusts, and present great potential for development as biological control agents. They are safer than the conventional chemical pesticides and may offer an environmentally sound method for insect pest management. However, behavioural fever mediated by thermoregulation in infected individuals, may restrict the use of those pathogens because fever is detrimental to pathogenesis.; We assessed the occurrence of behavioural fever in seven acridid species from different ecological habitats, using three entomopathogenic fungi: Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae var acridum and Verticillium lecanii. Fever occurred in species from both temperate and tropical climates. However, species differed in their response to pathogens. One species, M. femurrubrum did not develop a fever towards any of the pathogens tested. All pathogens were found to induce fever in at least some species. We used the association between Locusta migratoria and M. anisopliae to further study the implication of such behaviour on both the host and the pathogen.; The analysis of the behavioural response of L. migratoria infected with the fungus revealed that the locust changed its thermoregulatory behaviour pattern, confirming its preference for higher temperatures. The frequency of food consumption however, was not altered. Variations of thermoregulation regimes affected insect mortality: mortality rates decreased with increasing duration of thermoregulation, and vice versa. Also, a delayed onset of thermoregulation increased mortality rates. Thermoregulation did not eliminate infection as its interruption was followed by resumption of mycosis.; A study of hemocyte and blastospore kinetics gave new insights into the influence of thermoregulation on mycosis. In locusts allowed to thermoregulate, hemocyte concentrations were similar to those of control individuals. In contrast, in the absence of thermoregulation, hemocyte concentrations decreased dramatically, along with a heavy colonization of hemolymph by blastospores. Supporting these findings, the phagocytic activity was hampered in locusts that were not allowed to thermoregulate. In insects allowed to thermoregulate, our results suggest an enhanced phagocytic activity. The mechanisms involved are not known.; We demonstrated that infection was followed by the synthesis of new hemolymph proteins. This is the first evidence for changes in the composition of protein in acridid hemolymph induced by infection with a fungus. Our results also showed a differential protein expression between thermoregulating and non-thermoregulating locusts. Whether and how these proteins account for the increased survival is not known.; Thermoregulation plays an important role in host-pathogen interactions. Its impact on the fungus may be direct through fungal growth inhibition by elevated temperatures or indirect through an enhanced immune defence. One consequence of such an influence is the enhanced survival of infected insects. The ultimate impact on the fungal potential to control grasshoppers and locusts needs further investigation.
机译：真菌是蚱hopper和蝗虫的最重要病原体之一，具有作为生物防治剂的巨大发展潜力。它们比常规化学农药更安全，并且可以为害虫管理提供一种对环境无害的方法。然而，在受感染的个体中，由体温调节介导的行为性发热可能会限制这些病原体的使用，因为发热不利于发病机理。我们使用三种昆虫病原真菌：球孢白僵菌，拟南芥变色菌和黄萎病菌，评估了来自不同生态栖息地的七个a族物种行为热的发生。来自温带和热带气候的物种都发烧。但是，物种对病原体的反应不同。一个物种，股红支原体没有对任何测试的病原体发烧。发现所有病原体至少在某些物种中诱发发烧。我们使用了草地蝗和南方分枝杆菌之间的联系来进一步研究这种行为对宿主和病原体的影响。对感染了真菌的偏头痛乳杆菌行为反应的分析表明，刺槐改变了其温度调节行为模式，从而证实了其对较高温度的偏好。但是，食物消费的频率没有改变。温度调节机制的变化会影响昆虫的死亡率：死亡率随着温度调节持续时间的增加而降低，反之亦然。而且，体温调节的延迟发作增加了死亡率。体温调节不能消除感染，因为感染中断后会恢复真菌病。血细胞和孢子动力学的研究为温度调节对真菌病的影响提供了新的见解。在允许调节温度的蝗虫中，血细胞浓度与对照个体相似。相反，在没有温度调节的情况下，血细胞浓度显着降低，并且芽孢杆菌大量血淋巴定植。支持这些发现的是，在不允许进行温度调节的蝗虫中，吞噬活性受到了阻碍。在允许温度调节的昆虫中，我们的结果表明吞噬活性增强。所涉及的机制尚不清楚。我们证明，感染后会合成新的血淋巴蛋白。这是由真菌感染引起的恶性血淋巴中蛋白质组成变化的第一个证据。我们的研究结果还表明，在温度调节和非温度调节的蝗虫之间，蛋白质表达存在差异。这些蛋白质是否以及如何导致增加的存活率尚不清楚。温度调节在宿主-病原体相互作用中起重要作用。它对真菌的影响可能是通过高温抑制真菌生长直接引起的，也可能是通过增强的免疫防御间接引起的。这种影响的结果之一是被感染昆虫的存活率提高。对控制蝗虫和蝗虫的真菌潜力的最终影响需要进一步研究。

著录项

  • 作者

    Ouedraogo, Robert Maneguedo.;

  • 作者单位

    Universite Laval (Canada).;

  • 授予单位 Universite Laval (Canada).;
  • 学科 Biology Entomology.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2002
  • 页码 146 p.
  • 总页数 146
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 昆虫学;
  • 关键词

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