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首页> 外文学位 >The use of floral hunting sites by a generalist sit-and-wait predator: Site choice, prey capture, and the importance of nectar-feeding by the ambush bug Phymata pennsylvanica (Heteroptera: Phymatidae).
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The use of floral hunting sites by a generalist sit-and-wait predator: Site choice, prey capture, and the importance of nectar-feeding by the ambush bug Phymata pennsylvanica (Heteroptera: Phymatidae).

机译：多头闲坐的捕食者利用花卉捕猎场所：场所选择，猎物捕获以及埋伏性昆虫Phymata pennsylvanica（Heteroptera：Phymatidae）采蜜的重要性。

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摘要

Flowers might be expected to be important resource patches for generalist predatory arthropods, due to the high abundance at these sites of nectar- and pollen-feeding insects that could potentially serve as prey. Ambush bugs (Heteroptera: Phymatidae) are generalist sit-and-wait predators that have long been known to be associated with flowers in North American old-field habitats. In addition to hunting on flowers, however, ambush bugs are also found foraging on non-flowering plants. My goal in this dissertation was therefore to understand the ecological factors promoting the use of flowering versus non-flowering hunting sites by the ambush bug Phymata pennsylvanica in an upstate New York old-field.; First, I quantified the ambush bugs' site-occupancy patterns in the field, and found that the bugs showed a relative preference for hunting on flowers. In absolute terms, however, a large proportion of the population was still found on non-flowering plants, due to the much higher abundance of non-flowering relative to flowering sites. Next, I examined the ambush bugs' prey capture patterns in the field, and found that there was little difference between the two site types in terms of prey capture rates and prey consumption rates, although prey were significantly larger on flowers. Lastly, I examined ambush bug nectar-feeding. In laboratory experiments, I found that the consumption of simulated nectar increased ambush bug survival in the absence of prey, but had no benefit when prey were provided at regular intervals at levels typical of the field. Nevertheless, a simple model based on observed prey capture patterns suggested that nectar-feeding could prevent starvation during periods of effectively zero prey availability that result from stochastic variation in the wait-times between successive prey captures. The ambush bugs' preference for flowers can thus be explained by the availability of nectar as a supplementary food source on these sites, as well as possibly the availability of larger prey, while the bugs' continued use of non-flowering sites can be explained by the ephemerality and relative rarity of flowers compared to non-flowering sites, and the relatively small difference in prey capture success for bugs on the two site types.
机译：花朵可能被认为是通才捕食性节肢动物的重要资源斑块，因为在这些以花蜜和花粉为食的昆虫的这些地点，它们的丰度很高。埋伏臭虫（​​Heteroptera：Phymatidae）是通体静观静观的捕食者，早就知道它们与北美旧田地栖息地的花朵有关。除了猎杀花朵外，还发现在非开花植物上觅食的虫子。因此，我在本论文中的目标是了解在纽约州北部一个旧田地中的伏击虫（斜体）Phymata pennsylvanica 促进使用有花和无花狩猎地点的生态因素。首先，我在野外量化埋伏虫的站点占用模式，发现该虫显示出相对偏爱于花朵的猎杀。从绝对值上讲，由于相对于开花地点而言，非开花植物的丰度要高得多，因此仍然在非开花植物上发现了很大一部分人口。接下来，我检查了田间伏击虫的猎物捕获模式，发现在猎物捕获率和猎物消耗率方面，两种地点类型之间几乎没有差异，尽管花朵上的猎物明显更大。最后，我检查了埋伏虫的花蜜喂养。在实验室实验中，我发现在没有猎物的情况下，食用模拟花蜜会增加伏击虫的存活率，但是当以常规田间的常规水平定期提供猎物时，则无益。但是，基于观察到的猎物捕获模式的简单模型表明，在连续零次捕获猎物之间的等待时间随机变化导致的有效零猎物可利用期间，采食花蜜可以防止饥饿。因此，可以通过以下方式解释埋伏虫对花的偏爱：在这些地点可以使用花蜜作为补充食物来源，还可以使用更大的猎物，而可以通过以下方式解释臭虫对非开花地点的持续使用：与非开花地点相比，花朵的短暂性和相对稀有度，以及两种地点类型上的虫子在猎物捕获方面的相对较小差异。

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  • 作者

    Yong, Tze-Hei.;

  • 作者单位

    Cornell University.;

  • 授予单位 Cornell University.;
  • 学科 Biology Ecology.; Biology Entomology.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2002
  • 页码 238 p.
  • 总页数 238
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 生态学（生物生态学）;昆虫学;
  • 关键词

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