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Production induced reservoir compaction and surface subsidence, with applications to four-dimensional seismic.

机译：生产引起的储层压实和地表沉陷，应用于四维地震。

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摘要

Reservoir compaction due to hydrocarbon production and pore pressure depletion is common in unconsolidated reservoirs worldwide. Compaction may result in well failure, surface subsidence, and platform sinking. Surface subsidence occurs in many parts of the world, in some cases as much as tens of meters within the short period of a few decades.; Traditionally, reservoir monitoring is carried out through 4D seismic. In this path-finding study, we use InSAR to measure surface subsidence occurred in the Belridge and Lost Hills oil fields due to production, and investigate the applications and implications of reservoir compaction and surface subsidence in reservoir monitoring. We found: (1) For the traditional “Geomechanics + Flow simulation” workflow of subsidence prediction, InSAR provides massive data for validation. Previously, those types of predictions can only be validated at very few points where geodetic survey data are available. (2) InSAR can be used as a stand-alone tool for reservoir characterization and monitoring. First, the magnitude and patterns of subsidence are often good indications of reservoir shape, size and depth. They are also affected by reservoir rock and fluid properties and production history. We show how this cause-and-effect relationship may be used for reservoir monitoring. Second, subsidence pattern may also be a good indication of permeability anisotropy. We perform numerical simulations on an imaginary reservoir for different combinations of permeability anisotropy and boundary conditions, and discuss how this may be used for reservoir monitoring. (3) InSAR can also be used together with 4D seismic for reservoir monitoring. First, traditionally, 4D seismic changes are interpreted in terms of pressure and saturation changes, while porosity is assumed to be constant during production. This is often inaccurate or incorrect. By using compaction as an additional input, we can improve the accuracy of 4D seismic interpretations. Second, we show that by using 4D seismic and Geomechanics, we can predict porosity loss in a reservoir. This porosity loss is related to surface subsidence. If we know how the two are related, then the surface subsidence from InSAR can be used as an integral constraint on the 4D seismic prediction of porosity loss.
机译：由于碳氢化合物的产生和孔隙压力的减少，致密的储层在全球未固结的储层中很普遍。压实可能导致油井故障，地面沉降和平台下沉。地面沉降发生在世界许多地方，在某些情况下，在几十年的短时间内高达数十米。传统上，储层监测是通过4D地震进行的。在这项探索性研究中，我们使用InSAR来测量因生产而在Belridge和Lost Hills油田发生的地面沉降，并研究储层压实和地面沉降在储层监测中的应用及其意义。我们发现：（1）对于传统的沉降预测的``地质力学+流模拟''工作流程，InSAR提供了大量数据进行验证。以前，这些类型的预测只能在可获得大地测量数据的极少数地方进行验证。 （2）InSAR可以用作储层表征和监测的独立工具。首先，沉陷的程度和模式通常是储层形状，大小和深度的良好指示。它们还受到储层岩石和流体性质以及生产历史的影响。我们展示了这种因果关系如何用于储层监测。其次，沉降模式也可能是渗透率各向异性的良好指示。我们在虚拟储层上针对渗透率各向异性和边界条件的不同组合进行了数值模拟，并讨论了如何将其用于储层监测。 （3）InSAR也可以与4D地震一起用于储层监测。首先，传统上，根据压力和饱和度变化来解释4D地震变化，而在生产过程中假定孔隙率是恒定的。这通常是不正确或不正确的。通过使用压缩作为附加输入，我们可以提高4D地震解释的准确性。其次，我们表明，通过使用4D地震和地质力学，我们可以预测储层的孔隙度损失。该孔隙率损失与表面沉降有关。如果我们知道两者之间的关系，则可以将InSAR的地表沉陷作为孔隙度损失4D地震预测的整体约束。

著录项

  • 作者

    Xu, Haibin.;

  • 作者单位

    Stanford University.;

  • 授予单位 Stanford University.;
  • 学科 Geophysics.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2002
  • 页码 94 p.
  • 总页数 94
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 地球物理学;
  • 关键词

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