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首页> 外文学位 >Place-based and people-based policy approaches to neighborhood poverty: A comparative evaluation of the Enterprise Zone program and the earned income tax credit in Los Angeles.
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Place-based and people-based policy approaches to neighborhood poverty: A comparative evaluation of the Enterprise Zone program and the earned income tax credit in Los Angeles.

机译：基于地点和基于人的政策方法解决社区贫困：对企业区计划和洛杉矶所得所得税抵免的比较评估。

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摘要

his dissertation compares the relative costs and benefits of the Enterprise Zone program and the Earned Income Tax Credit in urbanized Los Angeles County over the 1990s. The existence of spatially concentrated neighborhood poverty has important implications for low-skilled worker-residents. Policies to stimulate the labor market in favor of these workers generally falls into people- or place-based approaches that attempt to increase employment and improve wages. The dissertation begins by describing the effects of spatially concentrated poverty and unemployment and their role in generating a persistent and intergenerational “underclass.” Following this description it evaluates alternative tax credit programs for stimulating private sector employment growth in poor neighborhoods and for transferring income directly to low-skilled workers, who happen to be concentrated disproportionately in poor neighborhoods. The California Enterprise Zone program provides credits to corporations that locate in designated poor and disadvantaged neighborhoods. The federal Earned Income Tax Credit is a wage subsidy transferred directly to the working poor through the tax code. The study's findings suggest that the Enterprise Zone program has a significant positive impact on manufacturing jobs in poor neighborhoods, but that the retail and service sectors do not benefit, and may in fact avoid program areas. They also suggest that the Earned Income Tax Credit is not only a major boost to low-income workers, but also
机译：他的论文比较了1990年代洛杉矶市区县企业区计划和收入所得税抵免的相对成本和收益。空间上集中的社区贫困的存在对低技能的工人居民有着重要的意义。刺激劳动力市场以有利于这些工人的政策通常落入以人为本或以地方为基础的方法中，这些方法试图增加就业并提高工资。论文首先描述了空间集中的贫困和失业的影响及其在产生持久性和代际“下层阶级”中的作用。根据这一描述，它评估了替代税收抵免计划，以刺激贫困地区的私营部门就业增长，并将收入直接转移给恰好不成比例地集中在贫困地区的低技能工人。加利福尼亚企业区计划向位于指定贫困和处境不利地区的公司提供信贷。联邦收入所得税抵免是通过税法直接转移给在职穷人的工资补贴。该研究的发现表明，企业园区计划对贫困地区的制造业工作具有显着的积极影响，但零售和服务业却没有从中受益，实际上可能避开了计划领域。他们还建议，收入所得税抵免不仅是对低收入工人的重要推动力，而且还

著录项

  • 作者

    Spencer, James H.;

  • 作者单位

    University of California, Los Angeles.;

  • 授予单位 University of California, Los Angeles.;
  • 学科 Economics Labor.;Urban and Regional Planning.;Sociology Ethnic and Racial Studies.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2002
  • 页码 331 p.
  • 总页数 331
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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