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首页> 外文学位 >Porphyrin dyes for photovoltaic sensitization: Effects of dye design on porphyrin assembly structure, energy transfer, and solar cell performance.
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Porphyrin dyes for photovoltaic sensitization: Effects of dye design on porphyrin assembly structure, energy transfer, and solar cell performance.

机译：用于光伏增感的卟啉染料：染料设计对卟啉组装结构，能量转移和太阳能电池性能的影响。

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摘要

Solar light is the world's single most abundant source of energy and its effective utilization is therefore the most promising means for decreasing global reliance on fossil fuels. The most efficient solar cell technologies to date remain economically uncompetitive, however, due to their high cost. Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are among an emerging class of photovoltaics that employ organic molecules as light-harvesters. Though these cells currently demonstrate only moderate efficiencies (∼11%), their inexpensive and easily fabricated components make them a promising solar cell technology.;This research focuses on the enhancement of DSSC efficiency through incorporation of strongly absorbing porphyrin dyes. Specifically, the structure versus function relationship of porphyrins in terms of energy transfer and solar cell sensitization is examined. Novel self-assemblies of conjugated porphyrin monomers are characterized by solution X-ray scattering techniques and energy transfer is examined by transient absorption spectroscopy. One such porphyrin tetramer is found to exhibit a significantly faster rate of energy transfer relative to a simplified, less conjugated tetramer. The effect of porphyrin dye acidity on the sensitization of zinc oxide-nanotube electrodes is studied and a maximum dye pKa is established for this photoanode material. Finally, an original series of four porphyrin dyes is created featuring both zinc(II) and palladium(II) central metals, and meso- and beta-functionalized acid moieties. The performance of these compounds as sensitizers on titanium dioxide and tin dioxide nanoparticle electrodes is investigated. The zinc-metallated porphyrin substituted at the meso-position was found to be the most effective dye on titanium dioxide, whereas the meso-substituted palladium-porphyrin/tin dioxide solar cell was the most efficient. The differences in injection efficiency were analyzed by transient absorption spectroscopy, but data collected thus far do not match observed trends in solar cell performance. Possible reasons for this discrepancy are considered herein.
机译：太阳光是世界上最丰富的单一能源，因此，有效利用太阳光是减少全球对化石燃料的依赖的最有希望的手段。但是，由于成本高昂，迄今为止最有效的太阳能电池技术在经济上仍然没有竞争力。染料敏化太阳能电池（DSSC）是新兴的一类光伏电池，它利用有机分子作为光吸收剂。尽管这些电池目前仅显示出中等效率（〜11％），但它们廉价且易于制造的组件使它们成为有前途的太阳能电池技术。具体而言，研究了卟啉在能量转移和太阳能电池敏化方面的结构与功能的关系。通过溶液X射线散射技术表征了共轭卟啉单体的新型自组装体，并通过瞬态吸收光谱法研究了能量转移。发现一种这样的卟啉四聚体相对于简化的，较少共轭的四聚体表现出明显更快的能量转移速率。研究了卟啉染料酸度对氧化锌纳米管电极敏化的影响，并为此光电阳极材料建立了最大染料pKa。最后，创建了一系列原始的四种卟啉染料，它们同时具有锌（II）和钯（II）中心金属以及内消旋和β官能化的酸部分。研究了这些化合物作为增敏剂在二氧化钛和二氧化锡纳米粒子电极上的性能。发现在中位取代的锌金属化卟啉是二氧化钛上最有效的染料，而内消旋取代的钯-卟啉/二氧化锡太阳能电池是最有效的染料。通过瞬态吸收光谱法分析了注入效率的差异，但到目前为止收集的数据与观察到的太阳能电池性能趋势不符。本文考虑了这种差异的可能原因。

著录项

  • 作者

    Jensen, Rebecca Ann.;

  • 作者单位

    Northwestern University.;

  • 授予单位 Northwestern University.;
  • 学科 Alternative Energy.;Chemistry Inorganic.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2010
  • 页码 215 p.
  • 总页数 215
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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