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Conservation genetics of long-lived mammal populations: Applications of individual-based models.

机译：长寿哺乳动物种群的保护遗传学：基于个体的模型的应用。

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摘要

Genetic methods can be used to decrease genetic risks of extinction or to estimate ecological and behavioral parameters important to conservation. The latter application of genetics is particularly relevant to long-lived mammal populations, where long-term data maybe absent. However, genetic methods alone may be insufficient to estimate the parameters of interest. I investigated the utility of combining detailed modeling approaches with genetic data for the conservation of long-lived mammals.; Defining management units and listing species endangerment are both important aspects of species conservation. In Chapters II and IV, I show how individual-based simulations can be applied to these aspects of conserving long-lived mammals. In Chapter II, individual-based models were used to investigate whether degree of genetic differentiation can be used to identify management units in Eastern Pacific gray whales. Results showed this to be the case. In Chapter IV, we developed a simulation-based method to estimate the annual effective population size using limited genetic data. Results showed that this method correctly estimates the effective number of males in a test genetic dataset for polygynous bats.; Since generational effective size in long-lived mammals controls the maintenance of genetic variability, its estimation is important to conservation geneticists. In chapter III, I used long-term data to estimate effective population size of a savannah baboon population and showed that only half the adults contribute genetically. My results also suggest that in order to maximize maintenance of high levels of genetic variation for species with baboon-like life histories, managers should strive to decrease variance in male reproductive success. This will also decrease selection against deleterious mutations with detrimental consequences for populations in the long-term. Since long-term data on long-lived mammal populations are rare, I investigated the possibility of scaling between annual and generational estimates of effective population size in these species in Chapter V. Using detailed individual-based male mating models with and without survival trade-offs, I showed that scaling is difficult in the absence of detailed data. However, results indicate that individual-based simulations can be used to estimate a range of possible generational effective sizes.
机译：遗传方法可用于减少灭绝的遗传风险或估计对保护重要的生态和行为参数。遗传学的后一种应用特别适用于寿命长的哺乳动物种群，而长期的哺乳动物种群可能缺乏长期数据。但是，仅遗传方法可能不足以估计目标参数。我研究了将详细的建模方法与遗传数据相结合来保护长寿哺乳动物的实用性。界定管理单位和列出物种濒危都是物种保护的重要方面。在第二章和第四章中，我展示了如何将基于个体的模拟应用于保护长寿哺乳动物的这些方面。在第二章中，使用基于个体的模型来研究遗传分化程度是否可用于识别东太平洋灰鲸的管理单位。结果表明情况确实如此。在第四章中，我们开发了一种基于模拟的方法，使用有限的遗传数据来估算年度有效种群规模。结果表明，该方法正确估计了多性别蝙蝠的测试遗传数据集中的有效雄性数量。由于长寿哺乳动物的世代有效大小控制着遗传变异的维持，因此其估计对保护遗传学家很重要。在第三章中，我使用了长期数据来估计大草原狒狒种群的有效种群规模，并表明只有一半的成年人具有遗传作用。我的研究结果还表明，为了最大程度地维持具有狒狒样生活史的物种的高水平遗传变异，管理者应努力减少男性生殖成功的差异。从长远来看，这也将减少针对有害突变的选择，从而对种群造成不利影响。由于有关长期存在的哺乳动物种群的长期数据很少，因此我在第五章中研究了在这些物种的有效种群规模的年度估算和世代估算之间进行缩放的可能性。使用带有和不带有生存权交易的详细的基于个体的雄性交配模型，没错，我表明在没有详细数据的情况下很难进行缩放。但是，结果表明可以使用基于个体的模拟来估计可能的世代有效尺寸的范围。

著录项

  • 作者

    Ramakrishnan, Uma.;

  • 作者单位

    University of California, San Diego.;

  • 授予单位 University of California, San Diego.;
  • 学科 Biology Ecology.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2002
  • 页码 130 p.
  • 总页数 130
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 生态学（生物生态学）;
  • 关键词

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