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Development of a model of applicant reactions to cognitive ability tests: Shedding light on racial subgroup test score differences.

机译：申请人对认知能力测试的反应模型的开发：阐明种族亚组测试得分差异。

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This paper attempts to develop a model of applicant reactions to cognitive ability tests (CATS), with a specific focus on identifying explanations for African American - Caucasian differences in test reactions and performance. Data from 715 construction trades apprenticeship program applicants were analyzed. As expected, motivation for all applicants was range-restricted, which limited its value in predicting CAT scores. Instead, self-efficacy (S-E) exhibited a stronger relationship to CAT performance and explained a larger portion of the variance in African American - Caucasian CAT scores. Surprisingly, although African American and Caucasian applicants significantly differed in their success expectations and test-taking anxiety, African Americans reported higher S-E and lower anxiety than Caucasians. These findings run counter to past research relating race to S-E and anxiety. Moreover, both African American and Caucasian applicants reported similarly high face validity (FV) perceptions, which also differs from past student-based findings in which African Americans tend to report lower FV perceptions of CATs. In addition, S-E was found to serve an anxiety-reducing function, whereby African American and Caucasian individuals reporting high success expectations experienced less anxiety and performed better on the CAT. The model of applicant reactions to CATs demonstrated good fit to the applicant data. Limitations of the research and implications for use in personnel selection and testing are discussed.
机译：本文尝试建立申请人对认知能力测验（CATS）的反应模型，特别侧重于确定非裔美国人的解释-测验反应和表现的白种人差异。分析了来自715个建筑行业学徒计划申请人的数据。不出所料，所有申请人的动机受到范围的限制，这限制了它在预测CAT分数方面的价值。相反，自我效能感（S-E）与CAT表现出更强的关系，并解释了非裔美国人-高加索CAT分数的较大部分差异。令人惊讶的是，尽管非洲裔美国人和高加索人的成功期望和参加考试的焦虑差异很大，但非裔美国人的S-E和焦虑水平却比高加索人高。这些发现与以往有关S-E和焦虑症的研究相反。此外，非洲裔美国人和高加索人的申请者都报告了相似的高面部有效性（FV）感知，这也与以往基于学生的发现不同，后者的非洲裔美国人倾向于对CAT的FV感知较低。此外，发现S-E具有减轻焦虑的功能，据此，获得较高成功期望的非洲裔美国人和高加索人在CAT上的焦虑程度较小，表现更好。申请人对CAT的反应模型证明非常适合申请人数据。讨论了研究的局限性以及在人员选择和测试中使用的含义。

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