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首页> 外文学位 >Enacting the global economy in Sao Paulo, Brazil: The impact of labor market restructuring on low-income women.
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Enacting the global economy in Sao Paulo, Brazil: The impact of labor market restructuring on low-income women.

机译：在巴西圣保罗实施全球经济：劳动力市场结构调整对低收入妇女的影响。

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This dissertation examines the impact of global economic restructuring on the urban labor market in São Paulo, Brazil with a focus on the micro level—specifically, squatter settlements, households, and low-income women workers. It explores the interaction between national and local dynamics with global economic change, industrial restructuring and women workers, the changing survival strategies, and the new role of labor unions and regional and global coalitions of actors. It calls into question the dyads, informalformal sector, FordistPost-Fordist, and localglobal scales. Low-income women workers in all economic sectors form an integral part of the current global economic system and are not excluded from it. The impact of economic globalization has been different for women than for men—higher unemployment; more precarious work in the home, as vendors, and in sweatshops; fewer jobs as full-time maids because of the declining middle class; and the greater need to support the household and often the household's micro-enterprise with little or no help from male household members who have also become unemployed. The findings are based on over 200 intensive interviews over a period of 13 months in 1996, 1998, and 2000, primarily in three communities, including two squatter settlements, in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo and from the analysis of statistics on employment. Interview subjects include women workers, as well as street vendors, immigrant Bolivian sweatshop workers, labor union activists, industrial managers, government officials, and investment bankers on Wall Street. By means of direct quotations, the different actors give their views of economic globalization and the unemployment crisis. For the six firm studied, the impact of the economic crisis and globalization has been a decline in sales leading to the need to lay off or exploit workers. Rather than constituting a byproduct of the opening of the market, the growth in downgraded manufacturing must be considered as an integral part of global industrial restructuring. The flexibilization of production and retail has led to the increasingly precarious nature both of the “formal sector” with an increase in unregistered salaried and outsourced work and of the “informal sector” with increased competition, lack of a salaried worker in the household to buy stock wholesale, and the decline of income of clients, all leading to increasing debt. The dissertation ends with a discussion of policies and programs aimed at dealing with the unemployment crisis, the social actors who are or could again become involved in fighting for change, and their actual and potential strategies. Destiny is not written in stone.
机译：本文研究了全球经济结构调整对巴西圣保罗的城市劳动力市场的影响，重点是微观层面，特别是棚户区，家庭和低收入女工。它探讨了国家和地方动态与全球经济变化，产业结构调整和女工，不断变化的生存策略以及工会以及地区和全球参与者联盟的新角色之间的相互作用。它对二元组，非正式部门，FordistPost-Fordist和局部全球规模提出了质疑。所有经济部门的低收入女工都是当前全球经济体系不可或缺的组成部分，没有被排除在外。经济全球化对女性的影响与对男性的影响不同-更高的失业率；在家庭中，作为供应商和血汗工厂的工作更加不稳定；由于中产阶级的减少，全职女佣的工作减少了；并且越来越需要在没有男性失业的男性家庭成员帮助的情况下，为家庭以及微型企业提供支持。这些发现是基于1996年，1998年和2000年为期13个月的200多次密集访谈得出的，这些访谈主要来自圣保罗大都市区的三个社区，包括两个棚户区，以及对就业统计数据的分析。采访对象包括女工以及摊贩，移民玻利维亚血汗工厂的工人，工会活动家，行业经理，政府官员和华尔街的投资银行家。通过直接报价，不同的参与者表达了他们对经济全球化和失业危机的看法。对于所研究的六家公司，经济危机和全球化的影响一直是销售下降，导致需要裁员或剥削工人。降级制造业的增长与其构成开放市场的副产品，不如将其视为全球产业结构调整的组成部分。生产和零售的灵活性导致“正规部门”的性质越来越不稳定，未注册的有薪和外包工作增加了，“非正规部门”的竞争加剧了，家庭中没有受薪工人来购买股票批发，以及客户收入的下降，都导致债务增加。论文最后讨论了旨在解决失业危机的政策和计划，正在或可能再次参与争取变革的社会行为者及其实际和潜在战略。命运不是一成不变的。

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