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In-home formation of halogenated volatile organic compounds (VOCs): Implications for human exposure and indoor air quality.

机译：在家中形成卤代挥发性有机化合物（VOC）：对人体暴露和室内空气质量的影响。

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摘要

Recent studies have shown that drinking water can be an important source of indoor air pollution. For many chemicals a much greater risk is posed when these chemicals are emitted from residential water sources and then inhaled, compared to risks by ingestion. The overall goal of this research was to better characterize emissions and subsequent exposures of building occupants to chlorinated organic compounds. A series of 14 preliminary flask experiments and 16 laboratory experiments were completed to quantify formation and emission of disinfection by-products (DBPs) from the use of chlorine-containing detergents in residential dishwashers.; Flask experiments involved mixing food and dishwasher detergent in water and were intended to identify chemicals that may form from dishwasher usage. Liquid concentrations of chloroform ranged from 1–41 mg/L. Laboratory experiments involved collection of liquid and gas samples over the course of a dishwasher operating cycle. Background concentrations of chloroform in the water supply were generally between 0 and 10 μg/L; liquid chloroform levels in the wash cycle were typically at least 50 μg/L. The other trihalomethanes (THMs) were detected less frequently, though this result was likely a result of low bromide ion levels in the water supply. Gas chloroform concentrations were generally between 0 and 5 μg/L in the dishwasher headspace. Concentrations of the other THMs were lower than chloroform but consistent with corresponding liquid samples.; A computational model was used to complete a detailed assessment of the contribution of dishwashers to chloroform inhalation exposure. Overall exposure to chloroform was found to be highly dependent on activity patterns. Inhalation was predicted to be a more important exposure pathway than ingestion for chloroform exposure.; A series of field experiments was completed in three homes to measure chloroform concentrations during periods of residential water usage. Field experiments involved operating a shower and dishwasher at each test house and a washing machine in one home, then measuring gas chloroform concentrations in two different rooms. Room chloroform concentrations were typically between 0 and 5 μg/m3. The highest concentrations were generally measured immediately after dishwashing and showering events.
机译：最近的研究表明，饮用水可能是室内空气污染的重要来源。与许多化学物质相比，对于许多化学物质来说，从居民用水中排放出这些化学物质然后再吸入会带来更大的危险。这项研究的总体目标是更好地表征建筑物居民的排放以及随后暴露于氯化有机化合物的特性。完成了一系列的14个初步烧瓶实验和16个实验室实验，以量化在家用洗碗机中使用含氯洗涤剂产生的消毒副产物（DBP）的形成和排放。烧瓶实验涉及将食物和洗碗机清洁剂在水中混合，目的是识别使用洗碗机可能形成的化学物质。液体中的氯仿浓度范围为1–41 mg / L。实验室实验涉及在洗碗机操作周期内收集液体和气体样品。供水中的氯仿背景浓度通常在0至10μg/ L之间；洗涤周期中的液体氯仿水平通常至少为50μg/ L。其他三卤甲烷（THMs）的检测频率较低，尽管该结果可能是供水中溴离子水平较低的结果。洗碗机顶部空间的气体氯仿浓度通常在0至5μg/ L之间。其他THM的浓度低于氯仿，但与相应的液体样品一致。使用计算模型来完成洗碗机对氯仿吸入暴露的贡献的详细评估。发现氯仿的总体暴露高度依赖于活性模式。预计与氯仿接触相比，吸入是比摄入更重要的接触途径。在三个家庭中完成了一系列现场试验，以测量住宅用水期间的氯仿浓度。现场实验包括在每个测试室操作淋浴和洗碗机，并在一间家庭中使用洗衣机，然后在两个不同的房间中测量气体氯仿浓度。室内氯仿浓度通常在0至5μg/ m 3 之间。通常在洗碗和淋浴后立即测量最高浓度。

著录项

  • 作者

    Olson, David Alan.;

  • 作者单位

    The University of Texas at Austin.;

  • 授予单位 The University of Texas at Austin.;
  • 学科 Engineering Environmental.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2002
  • 页码 196 p.
  • 总页数 196
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 环境污染及其防治;
  • 关键词

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