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首页> 外文学位 >Mitochondrial genomes from the animal phyla Brachiopoda (Terebratalia transversa), Phoronida (Phoronis architecta), and Chaetognatha (Paraspadella gotoi): Molecular evolution and phylogenetic analyses.
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Mitochondrial genomes from the animal phyla Brachiopoda (Terebratalia transversa), Phoronida (Phoronis architecta), and Chaetognatha (Paraspadella gotoi): Molecular evolution and phylogenetic analyses.

机译：来自动物门腕足纲动物（Terebratalia transversa），费隆尼达犬（Phoronis architecta）和Chaetognatha（Paraspadella gotoi）的线粒体基因组：分子进化和系统发育分析。

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摘要

The relationships among the animal phyla are not completely resolved. Some taxa are particularly difficult to place in the metazoan tree. Pylogenetic placement of the lophophorate phyla, including the brachiopods and phoronids, and the chaetognaths has been difficult. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has been shown to contain two useful data sets for phylogenetic analysis: amino acid sequences and gene arrangements. MtDNA can also be used as a model for genome evolution.;MtDNA was amplified using a combination of PCR protocols. The lophophorate mtDNAs were sequenced using a primer walking approach; the chaetognath was sequenced using a combination of primer walking and cloning. The lophophorate sequences were assembled using ABI's Sequence Navigator; the chaetognath was assembled with PHRAP. All gene annotations were performed using MacVector. All phylogenetic analyses were performed using PAUP.;Both the amino acid data and the gene arrangement data resolved the position of the brachiopods and phoronids in the metazoan tree, namely in a group of animals including annelids and mollusks. That these phyla arose in this part of the tree rather than in or near deuterostome animals---as has been previously hypothesized---is significant to our understanding the pattern of evolution of gene networks, particularly developmental programs. The amino acid data also reveal the Chaetognatha to be the sister taxon to the protostome taxa, further informing our understanding of the pattern of animal evolution.;Mutational bias in the brachiopod mtDNA has strongly affected not only codon usage, but amino acid composition as well. The chaetognath genome is very unusual. It contains only one tRNA gene rather than the typical 22, and is missing a protein-encoding gene (atp6) found in all other animal mtDNAs. Its 14 genes are encoded in both strands, but unusually so: all genes encoded in a particular strand are arranged consecutively. There are five genes in one strand, nine in the other. The nine genes are separated from one another by up to a dozen intergenic nucleotides, typical of animal mtDNAs. The other five genes are not separated at all. This suggests that the mRNAs transcribed from the two strands may be processed each in different manner.
机译：动物门之间的关系尚未完全解决。一些分类单元特别难以放置在后生树中。包括腕足动物和披骨类动物以及乳突纲动物的萤光菌门的系统发生位置一直很困难。线粒体DNA（mtDNA）已显示出两个用于系统发育分析的有用数据集：氨基酸序列和基因排列。 MtDNA也可以用作基因组进化的模型。MtDNA使用PCR方案的组合进行了扩增。使用引物步移方法对亚磷酸的mtDNA进行测序。使用引物步移和克隆相结合的方法对驼嘴豆进行测序。使用ABI的Sequence Navigator组装荧光序列； Chaetognath与PHRAP组装在一起。所有基因注释均使用MacVector进行。所有的系统发育分析均使用PAUP进行。氨基酸数据和基因排列数据均解析了腕足动物和线虫类动物在后生动物树中的位置，即在一组动物中（包括肢体动物和软体动物）。这些门是在树的这一部分而不是在氘吻动物中或附近出现的-正如先前所假设的-对我们理解基因网络尤其是发育程序的进化模式具有重要意义。氨基酸数据还揭示了Chaetognatha是原生动物分类单元的姊妹分类单元，进一步使我们了解了动物进化的模式。腕足动物mtDNA的突变不仅强烈影响了密码子的使用，而且也影响了氨基酸的组成。 。千鸟格基因组非常不寻常。它仅包含一个tRNA基因，而不是典型的22个，并且缺少在所有其他动物mtDNA中发现的蛋白质编码基因（atp6）。它的14个基因在两条链中均被编码，但不同寻常的是：在特定链中编码的所有基因都是连续排列的。一条链中有五个基因，另一条链中有九个基因。这九个基因彼此之间被多达十二个基因间核苷酸隔开，这是动物mtDNA的典型特征。其他五个基因根本没有分开。这表明从两条链转录的mRNA可以分别以不同的方式进行加工。

著录项

  • 作者

    Helfenbein, Kevin Gerard.;

  • 作者单位

    University of Michigan.;

  • 授予单位 University of Michigan.;
  • 学科 Biology Molecular.;Biology Zoology.;Biology Genetics.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2002
  • 页码 76 p.
  • 总页数 76
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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