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Survival of the fittest: An investigation of the relationship between stressful work environments, physical fitness, and employee well -being.

机译：优胜劣汰：对压力大的工作环境，身体健康状况和员工幸福感之间关系的调查。

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摘要

This study analyzed the relationship between stressful work environments, physical fitness, and employee well-being, and proposed the "survival of the fittest" model. The "survival of the fittest" model was tested to determine whether physical fitness reduced the negative health outcomes of stressful work environments. Stressful work environments were framed through the job demands-control model (Karasek, 1979), and employee well-being was assessed through cardiovascular health and psychological well-being. Physical fitness was measured as cardiorespiratory endurance.;Main effect and interaction effect models were tested using hierarchical regression and nonlinear structural equation modeling (SEM) analyses techniques. This study showed that employee well-being is negatively affected by current work trends. The results indicated that the interaction effect of high strain jobs (high job demands and low job control) negatively affected cardiovascular health, but not psychological well-being. Psychological well-being was negatively affected by high job demands, and low job control independently (main effects), whereas cardiovascular health was not negatively affected by these main effects. The results also indicated that fitness, when measured as a state, did not produce the hypothesized stress reducing effects, nor the expected improvements in cardiovascular health and psychological well-being. A discussion of these results includes an analysis of group differences, an evaluation of the fitness measure, and an examination of the sample population.;This dissertation contributed to the occupational health and stress literature by offering conceptual and methodological improvements over past research. Specifically, I analyzed the job demands-control model through a focused measure of job control and a descriptive measure of job demands. Psychological well-being included the emotional exhaustion measure of burnout, and a measure of anxiety and depression not previously tested in this literature stream. Objective measures of cardiovascular health (blood pressure) and physical fitness (step test) were obtained, and data were gathered from a cross-sectional sample of 100 working adults. Furthermore, the application of nonlinear SEM techniques allowed for the simultaneous examination of physiological and psychological health outcomes, which provided a holistic view of the work stress and employee well-being relationship not previously found in this literature.
机译：这项研究分析了压力工作环境，身体健康状况和员工幸福感之间的关系，并提出了“适者生存”模型。测试了“适者生存”模型，以确定体适能是否减少了压力工作环境对健康的负面影响。通过工作需求控制模型（Karasek，1979）来构架压力大的工作环境，并通过心血管健康和心理健康来评估员工的健康。身体适应性作为心肺耐力来衡量。使用分层回归和非线性结构方程模型（SEM）分析技术测试主效应和相互作用效应模型。这项研究表明，员工的福祉受到当前工作趋势的负面影响。结果表明，高压力工作（高工作要求和低工作控制）的交互作用对心血管健康有负面影响，但对心理健康没有影响。高工作需求和低工作控制独立地对心理健康产生负面影响（主要影响），而这些主要影响并未对心血管健康产生负面影响。结果还表明，健康状况作为一种状态衡量时，不会产生假设的压力减轻作用，也不会产生预期的心血管健康和心理健康改善。对这些结果的讨论包括对群体差异的分析，适合度的评估以及样本人群的检验。本论文通过提供对过去研究的概念和方法的改进，为职业健康和压力文献做出了贡献。具体来说，我通过重点关注工作控制和描述性描述工作需求来分析工作需求控制模型。心理健康包括倦怠的情绪疲惫测量，以及先前在本文献流中未测试过的焦虑和抑郁测量。获得了心血管健康（血压）和身体健康状况（阶梯测试）的客观指标，并从100名在职成年人的横断面样本中收集了数据。此外，非线性扫描电镜技术的应用允许同时检查生理和心理健康状况，从而提供了工作压力和员工福祉关系的全面视图，这是以前在文献中找不到的。

著录项

  • 作者

    Lovelace, Kathi J.;

  • 作者单位

    University of Massachusetts Amherst.;

  • 授予单位 University of Massachusetts Amherst.;
  • 学科 Business Administration Management.;Health Sciences Occupational Health and Safety.;Education Health.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2002
  • 页码 135 p.
  • 总页数 135
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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