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Orientation and morphology of self-assembled oligothiophene semiconductors and development of hybrid nanostructures for photovoltaic devices.

机译：自组装寡聚噻吩半导体的取向和形貌以及用于光伏器件的杂化纳米结构的发展。

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摘要

This dissertation examines the self-assembly of electronically active small molecules for heterojunction photovoltaic devices and the synthesis of nanoscale hybrid materials with a focus on orientation and morphology. A hairpin-shaped self-assembling molecule featuring two semiconducting sexithiophene arms connected through a diamidocyclohexane linker was found to form p-type semiconducting nanowires through H-aggregation as well as J-aggregated bundles. This molecule was incorporated into heterojunction photovoltaics with phenyl-(C61/C71)-butyric acid methyl ester through spin-coating. The sexithiophene assembled during drying to form a percolating network of nanowires and fullerenes. Thermal annealing enhanced efficiencies by increasing domain sizes and organizing the fullerenes into the groves of the nanofibers to produce 0.48% efficient devices.;A p-type quarterthiophene derivative was designed and synthesized to assemble through pi-pi stacking and hydrogen bonding and its assembly was explored. Solutions of the quarterthiophene drop-cast on poly(tetrafluoroethylene) dried quickly to form bundled fibers parallel to the substrate. Slower drying and higher concentrations led to the formation of rhombohedra and randomly oriented hexagonal prisms, respectively. Liquid-liquid interfacial precipitation was used with a porous aluminum oxide membrane between a solution of quarterthiophene and toluene to orient the hexagonal prisms perpendicular to the membrane. Depositing the molecule from solution onto a UV/Ozone treated transparent conducting oxide subtrated affored prisms and sheets with perpendicular pi-pi stacking was anisotropy observed by 2D-GISAXS. This perpendicular pi-pi stacking orientation and sheet formation on a planar electrode shortens charge transport distances and minimizes film defects, which could lead to improved photovoltaic devices.;Interpenetrating donor and acceptor hybrid materials with perpendicular orientation for enhanced morphological stability and improved photovoltaic devices were synthesized using titanium tetrafluoride hydrolysis. Straight perpendicular pores in titanium dioxide were produced by a pattern transfer method from porous anodic aluminum oxide. Films embossed on fluorine-doped tin oxide had pores 30 nm in diameter and 500 nm deep to give a stable structure for housing a p-type organic semiconductor with efficient exciton splitting and light adsorption. Hybrid films could be produced in one step by mineralizing cationic surfactants with titanium dioxide to produce interpenetrating domains of organic and anatase titanium dioxide perpendicular to a transparent conducting electrode.
机译：本文研究了用于异质结光伏器件的电子活性小分子的自组装以及以取向和形态为重点的纳米级混合材料的合成。发现一种发夹状的自组装分子，其特征在于通过二酰胺基环己烷连接的两个半导电的噻吩并噻吩臂，它们通过H聚集和J聚集的束形成p型半导体纳米线。通过旋涂将该分子与苯基-（C61 / C71）-丁酸甲酯掺入到异质结光伏材料中。六噻吩在干燥过程中组装形成纳米线和富勒烯的渗滤网络。热退火通过增加畴尺寸和将富勒烯组织到纳米纤维的凹槽中来生产效率为0.48％的器件，从而提高了效率。设计并合成了p型四噻吩衍生物，通过pi-pi堆叠和氢键键合进行组装，并进行了组装。探索。在聚四氟乙烯上滴铸的四噻吩溶液迅速干燥，形成平行于基材的成束纤维。较慢的干燥和较高的浓度分别导致菱形和随机定向的六边形棱柱的形成。液-液界面沉淀与四氧化噻吩和甲苯溶液之间的多孔氧化铝膜一起使用，以使六棱柱垂直于膜取向。通过2D-GISAXS观察到各向异性，将分子从溶液中沉积到经过UV /臭氧处理的透明导电氧化物浸染的棱柱和垂直pi-pi堆叠的片材上。这种垂直的pi-pi堆叠方向和在平面电极上的片状形成缩短了电荷传输距离并使薄膜缺陷最小化，这可能导致改进的光伏器件。;垂直方向互穿的施主和受主混合材料可增强形态稳定性并改善光伏器件。用四氟化钛水解合成。通过图案转移法由多孔阳极氧化铝产生二氧化钛中的直的垂直孔。浮雕在掺氟氧化锡上的膜具有直径为30 nm，深度为500 nm的孔，以提供稳定的结构来容纳具有有效激子分裂和光吸收作用的p型有机半导体。通过用二氧化钛矿化阳离子表面活性剂以产生垂直于透明导电电极的有机和锐钛矿型二氧化钛的互穿区域，可以一步制备混合膜。

著录项

  • 作者

    Tevis, Ian David.;

  • 作者单位

    Northwestern University.;

  • 授予单位 Northwestern University.;
  • 学科 Chemistry Physical.;Engineering Materials Science.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2010
  • 页码 238 p.
  • 总页数 238
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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