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Diet and health changes among the millet-growing farmers of northern China in prehistory.

机译：史前中国北方小米种植者的饮食和健康状况发生变化。

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摘要

Both Yangshao (7,000--5,000 BP) and Longshan (5,000--3,000 BP) Neolithic cultural traditions of Northern China were dependent on millet agriculture and herding. Change to a cooler and drier climate at approximately 5,000 years ago brought the stable Yangshao society to a gradual demise. The subsequent rise of Longshan cultural tradition corresponded to rapid population growth and its aggregation into larger settlements. This was also a time of incipient society stratification, increase in social complexity and tension (Liu, 1996a).; Here I use dental macrowear, stable isotope determinations and a broad spectrum of oral pathology indicators to assess dietary changes at the end of Yangshao and during Yangshao/Longshan transition. Non-specific health indicators such as achieved adult stature, porotic hyperostosis, and linear enamel hypoplasia were used to evaluate trends in community health. Human skeletons from two Yangshao sites, Jiangzhai and Shijia, representing two subsequent phases of the culture, and Kangjia site of Longshan from Shaanxi Province comprised the bulk of the materials. A sample from the later dynastic period of Western Zhou is used to assess, whether the changes in diet and health seen during Longshan were temporary or persisted. Substantial differences in dental wear rate and oral pathology between the two geographically close Yangshao sites suggest that different subsistence strategies were developing in an attempt to adapt to cooler and more variable climate. Relative to Yangshao, the latter Longshan skeletons demonstrated reduction of dental wear, high frequency of caries and antemortem tooth loss, and a low calculus accretion probably due to a greater reliance on millet and transition to processed millet as a weaning diet during Longshan time. These changes were accompanied by declining community health. The Longshan pattern of health indicators was also observed in the Western Zhou sample, except that oral pathology was more similar to that of Yangshao. Therefore poor health during the dynastic period should be attributed to increased population density and possibly lower calorie intake, rather than to the changes in food composition relative to that of Yangshao.
机译：北方的仰韶（7,000--5,000 BP）和龙山（5,000--3,000 BP）的新石器时代文化传统都依赖于小米农业和放牧。大约5,000年前，气候变得凉爽干燥，这使稳定的仰韶社会逐渐走向灭亡。随后龙山文化传统的兴起与人口的迅速增长及其聚集到更大的定居点相对应。这也是社会开始分层，社会复杂性增加和紧张的时期（Liu，1996a）。在这里，我使用牙科大型服装，稳定的同位素测定方法和广泛的口腔病理学指标来评估仰韶末和仰韶/龙山过渡时期的饮食变化。非特异性健康指标，例如已达到的成年人身高，多孔性骨质增生和线性釉质发育不全，用于评估社区健康趋势。这些材料的大部分来自两个仰韶文化遗址，分别是江寨和石家，代表了文化的两个阶段。陕西龙山的康佳遗址。西周王朝后期的一个样本用于评估龙山期间饮食和健康的变化是暂时的还是持续的。仰韶市两个地理位置较近的地点在牙齿磨损率和口腔病理学上的显着差异表明，正在开发不同的生存策略，以适应凉爽和多变的气候。相对于仰韶，后者的龙山骨骼显示出减少的牙齿磨损，高频率的龋齿和死前牙齿脱落，并且牙结石的积聚较低，这可能是由于在龙山时期对小米的断食更加依赖小米和向加工的小米过渡。这些变化伴随着社区健康状况的下降。在西周的样本中也观察到了龙山的健康指标模式，只是口腔病理与仰韶更相似。因此，王朝时期的健康状况不佳应归因于人口密度的增加和卡路里摄入量的降低，而不是由于食品成分相对于仰韶的变化。

著录项

  • 作者

    Pechenkina, Ekaterina Alexandrovna.;

  • 作者单位

    University of Missouri - Columbia.;

  • 授予单位 University of Missouri - Columbia.;
  • 学科 Anthropology Archaeology.; Anthropology Physical.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2002
  • 页码 229 p.
  • 总页数 229
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 古人类学;人类学;
  • 关键词

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