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An optimality-theoretic analysis of stress in the English of native Arabic speakers.

机译：对讲阿拉伯语的英语的重音进行最佳理论分析。

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摘要

The overall purpose of this study is to analyze the acquisition of English word-stress by Arabic speakers in light of advancements in Optimality Theory. It has been reported that Arab second language learners of English have difficulty in acquiring the various patterns of English word stress. According to OT, the reason for this difficulty is that although these speakers, like native speakers, have full command of the universal and violable constraints that are operative in determining where stress falls in the word, they fail to capture or induce the exact ordering of these constraints.; This study consists of four chapters. In chapter one, we introduce the problem of the study and the basic background information for an OT analysis, the task we undertake for word stress in subsequent chapters. Chapter two reviews word-stress placement in three competing models: linear approach (Chomsky and Halle 1968), nonlinear approach (Liberman and Prince 1977; McCarthy 1979; Hayes 1980, 1982, 1991), and finally Optimality Theory (Prince and Smolensky 1993; McCarthy and Prince 1993a, b). In chapter three, we introduce the set of constraints that are relevant for predicting the place of stress, not just in English and Arabic, but in all languages. Hence, these constraints are literally present in all languages, though their ranking is language-specific. Then, we develop a ranking of the set of constraints particular to Arabic and another one particular to English. In chapter four, we set out to compare the two constraint rankings in order to (1) predict stress errors in the interlanguage of native speakers of Arabic when learning English, and (2) demonstrate how, by making use of the notion of constraint demotion, those learners can make their English more native-like with respect to stress placement.; This study has diverted from a standard OT analysis in at least two ways. First, we allow for some alignment constraint (namely MAIN-RIGHT) to be interpreted as a nongradient constraint. Second, we allow for constraint parameterization. NONFINAL is parameterized to account for Arabic word stress; and WSP is parameterized to account for English word stress.; This study has shown that there are significant differences between Arabic and English as far as the ranking of the universal and violable constraints is concerned. Among the major differences are the following. (1) WSP is irrelevant for stress placement in Arabic. (2) Arabic requires that FOOT-BINARITY be interpreted under a moraic analysis, but English requires it to be interpreted under a syllabic analysis. (3) Arabic requires constructing metrical feet from left to right (i.e. ALL-FEET-LEFT ALL-FEET RIGHT), English require that it be the other way around (i.e. ALL-FEET-RIGHT ALL-FEET-LEFT). (4) In ploysyllabic words, whereas a final syllable that weighs two or more moras is parsed in English, only a final syllable that weighs three moras is parsed in Arabic. (5) Arabic requires that PARSEσ dominates FOOT-BINARITY, but English requires the opposite ranking. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
机译：这项研究的总体目的是根据最佳性理论的发展来分析阿拉伯语使用者对英语单词重音的习得。据报道，阿拉伯第二语言的英语学习者很难掌握英语单词重音的各种模式。根据OT的说法，造成这种困难的原因是，尽管这些说话者（如母语使用者）完全掌握通用和可侵犯的约束条件，这些约束条件可用于确定单词的重音位置，但它们无法捕获或推导单词的确切顺序。这些限制。本研究共分为四章。在第一章中，我们介绍了研究的问题以及进行OT分析的基本背景信息，以及在后续各章中我们为单词重音承担的任务。第二章回顾了三种竞争模型中的单词重音放置：线性方法（Chomsky and Halle 1968），非线性方法（Liberman and Prince 1977; McCarthy 1979; Hayes 1980，1982，1991），最后是最优性理论（Prince and Smolensky 1993; McCarthy and Prince 1993a，b）。在第三章中，我们介绍了与预测压力位置有关的一组约束，不仅是英语和阿拉伯语，而且是所有语言。因此，尽管所有语言的排名都是特定于语言的，但实际上它们存在于所有语言中。然后，我们对一组特定于阿拉伯语的约束集和另一组特定于英语的约束集进行排名。在第四章中，我们着手比较两个约束等级，以（1）预测学习英语时以阿拉伯语为母语的人在中介语中的重音错误，以及（2）通过使用约束降级的概念来演示如何，这些学习者可以在讲授压力方面使他们的英语更像母语。这项研究至少在两种方面偏离了标准OT分析。首先，我们将一些对齐约束（即MAIN-RIGHT）解释为非梯度约束。第二，我们允许约束参数化。 NONFINAL被参数化以解决阿拉伯语单词重音； WSP被参数化以解决英语单词重音。这项研究表明，就普遍约束和可违反约束的排名而言，阿拉伯文和英文之间存在显着差异。主要区别如下。 （1）WSP与阿拉伯语中的应力放置无关。 （2）阿拉伯语要求在词尾分析下解释FOOT-BINARITY，但英语要求在音节分析下解释FOOT-BINARITY。 （3）阿拉伯语要求从左到右构造度量尺（即ALL-FEET-LEFT ALL-FEET RIGHT），英语要求反之亦然（即ALL-FEET-RIGHT ALL-FEET-LEFT） ）。 （4）用复音形式的单词，用英语解析一个重达两个或两个以上摩尔的最终音节，而用阿拉伯语解析一个重达三个摩尔以上的最终音节。 （5）阿拉伯语要求PARSEσ主导FOOT-BINARITY，而英语则要求相反的排名。 （摘要由UMI缩短。）

著录项

  • 作者

    Al-Jarrah, Rasheed Saleem.;

  • 作者单位

    Ball State University.;

  • 授予单位 Ball State University.;
  • 学科 Language Linguistics.; Language Modern.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2002
  • 页码 273 p.
  • 总页数 273
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 语言学;语言学;
  • 关键词

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