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Analysis of market power and trade liberalization in the international rice market allowing for rice type: A linear complementary approach.

机译：分析国际大米市场中允许大米类型的市场力量和贸易自由化：一种线性互补方法。

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摘要

Observations on actual trade data and the prevalence of distortionary trade policies in the international market increase the potential of market power for some rice market participants. This is particularly true for the Indica rice type, which dominates international trade. While the majority of previous studies maintained the assumption of perfect competition, studies that addressed market power treated rice as a homogeneous commodity. This study examined the existence and the degree of market power in the international market where rice is differentiated into Indica and Japonica types. Further, the study assessed the impact on welfare of freer trade practices than has prevailed in 1992–93.; A spatial equilibrium model with conjectural variations was used as the analytical framework. Excess supply/demand equations needed for this analysis were estimated using trade elasticity estimates which were in turn calculated from previous domestic elasticity estimates. The structure of the model allows for the co-existence of an oligopoly (oligopsony) and a competitive fringe on the export (import) side of the market while the import (export) side behaves competitively. The study spanned 90 different countries/regions of which 16 were identified as surplus and 74 as deficit regions. This included 12 and 59 surplus and deficit regions respectively, for Indica; and 4 and 15 surplus and deficit regions respectively, for Japonica.; The model was estimated as a linear complementarity problem via MILES, the Mixed Complementarity Problem (MCP) solver of GAMS 2.25. A class of potential oligopoly models, with distinct structures and varying degrees of market power, in addition to an oligopsony model were estimated. A series of multilateral and unilateral trade liberalization scenarios were examined to assess their impacts on welfare. Special attention was accorded to the US marketing loans program and to the Japanese import quota.; Estimation results provided a strong evidence of existence of market power in the Indica international market. An oligopoly model comprising Thailand, US South, China, Vietnam, Myanmar, and Pakistan provided a better fit for the 1992/93 international rice market; the rest of Indica exporters acted as a competitive fringe. However, the degree of market power and its impact on welfare were not significant. The oligopoly model that provided the best fit was associated with a conjectural variation of −0.75. Welfare losses due to oligopoly were estimated at US{dollar}144 million.; Trade liberalization would impact Japonica more significantly than the Indica market. If all the 1992/93 trade barriers were removed, Japonica trade and price would respectively increase by 97 and 130 percent compared to 26 and 18 percent for Indica. Key to the dramatic changes in the Japonica market is the liberalization of Japanese imports. From the US perspective, the marketing loan program is essential to its competitiveness in the Indica market but not in the Japonica market.
机译：对实际贸易数据的观察和国际市场上扭曲贸易政策的盛行增加了一些稻米市场参与者的市场势力。对于主导国际贸易的In米类型尤其如此。尽管大多数先前的研究都维持完全竞争的假设，但针对市场力量的研究却将大米视为同质商品。这项研究调查了国际市场上稻米分为In型和粳型两种类型的存在和程度。此外，该研究评估了比1992-93年普遍的贸易自由化对福利的影响。具有推测性变化的空间平衡模型被用作分析框架。使用贸易弹性估算来估算该分析所需的过多供需方程，而贸易弹性估算又是从先前的国内弹性估算中得出的。该模型的结构允许寡头垄断（寡头垄断）和市场的出口（进口）方面的竞争边缘并存，而进口（出口）方面则表现出竞争性。该研究涉及90个不同的国家/地区，其中16个被确定为盈余地区，74个被确定为赤字地区。其中印度分别包括12个和59个盈余和赤字区域；分别是日本的4个和15个盈余和赤字区域。该模型通过GAMS 2.25的混合互补问题（MCP）求解器MILES估计为线性互补问题。除了寡头模型，还估计了一类具有不同结构和不同程度的市场力量的潜在寡头模型。研究了一系列多边和单边贸易自由化方案，以评估其对福利的影响。特别关注了美国的市场营销贷款计划和日本的进口配额。估算结果为印度国际市场上存在市场支配力提供了有力的证据。泰国，美国南部，中国，越南，缅甸和巴基斯坦组成的寡头垄断模式更适合1992/93年国际大米市场；其余的印度d出口商则处于竞争边缘。但是，市场支配力的程度及其对福利的影响并不显着。提供最佳拟合的寡头模型与-0.75的推测变化相关。寡头垄断导致的福利损失估计为1.44亿美元。贸易自由化对日本粳稻的影响要比对印度市场的影响更大。如果消除所有的1992/93年贸易壁垒，那么粳稻的贸易量和价格将分别增长97％和130％，而印度为26％和18％。粳稻市场发生巨大变化的关键是日本进口商品的自由化。从美国的角度来看，市场营销贷款计划对其在印度市场而非日本市场的竞争力至关重要。

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  • 作者

    Bashir, Kamaleldin A.;

  • 作者单位

    The Pennsylvania State University.;

  • 授予单位 The Pennsylvania State University.;
  • 学科 Economics Agricultural.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2002
  • 页码 235 p.
  • 总页数 235
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 农业经济;
  • 关键词

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