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Situated problems: Ethics and pharmaceutical enhancement in contemporary Germany.

机译：面临的问题：当代德国的道德和药物强化。

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摘要

This dissertation examines the problem of "pharmaceutical enhancements" in contemporary Germany. Pharmaceutical enhancements (enhancements for short) are medications that are typically used for therapy, but which can also supposedly increase function in or "improve" some aspect of healthy individuals (e.g. concentration, mood). Near the end of the last decade, news media in Germany began widely reporting on enhancements: a large insurance study claimed that 5% of German employees were taking medications to boost performance at work. Other reports have stated that university students were regularly taking medications to study; and that schoolchildren were being given attention-deficit disorder medications to improve their academic performance. These reports have been accompanied by a wide-ranging debate about the ethics of enhancements, which has included a number of official position statements and research projects. The central goal of this dissertation is to develop a framework for anthropologically studying "ethical dilemmas" attributed to advances in biomedicine/biosciences, specifically those technologies that claim to be able to "redesign" human beings. Through this ethnographic account I reframe the ethical concerns at stake in pharmacological enhancement, adding to the questions typically voiced by a dominant strand of the bioethics literature. Using the German debate, I show how ethical concerns emerge out of a specific, situated context. Rather than following standard accounts assuming that ethical dilemmas are created solely by technological advances that raise novel and troubling possibilities, I argue for an understanding of ethical dilemmas as "situated" problems, showing how technological ability converges with a set of meanings and biomedical rationalities to delineate a set of ethical concerns around pharmacological self-improvement.
机译：本文研究了当代德国的“药物增强”问题。药物增强（简称增强）是通常用于治疗的药物，但据推测也可以增强健康个体的某些功能或“改善”健康个体的某些方面（例如注意力，情绪）。过去十年末，德国的新闻媒体开始广泛报道增强功能：一项大型保险研究声称，德国5％的员工正在服用药物以提高工作绩效。其他报告指出，大学生定期服用药物来学习；并为小学生提供了注意力缺陷障碍药物以改善他们的学习成绩。这些报告伴随着关于增强伦理学的广泛辩论，其中包括许多官方立场声明和研究项目。本论文的主要目标是为人类学研究一种因生物医学/生物科学的进步而引起的“伦理困境”，特别是那些声称能够“重新设计”人类的技术，开发一种框架。通过这种人种学研究，我重新构筑了药理学增强中的伦理问题，增加了生物伦理学文献中占支配地位的问题。在德国的辩论中，我展示了道德问题是如何在特定的，处境中出现的。我不是遵循标准的假设，即假设道德困境仅由引发新颖和令人不安的可能性的技术进步所造成，我主张将道德困境理解为“处境”问题，表明技术能力如何与一系列含义和生物医学理性相融合。描述了围绕药理学自我完善的一系列道德问题。

著录项

  • 作者

    Ketchum, Frederick.;

  • 作者单位

    The University of Chicago.;

  • 授予单位 The University of Chicago.;
  • 学科 Cultural anthropology.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2016
  • 页码 372 p.
  • 总页数 372
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 宗教;
  • 关键词

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