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Contending states and religious orders in North China and in East Asian context, 906-1260.

机译：906-1260年，在华北和东亚地区争夺国家和宗教秩序。

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摘要

In this study I examine the changing role of the state in sponsoring, shaping, and regulating religion in North China from the tenth through thirteenth centuries, focusing on the institution of the monarchy as it differed between contemporaneous states and changed over time. In that period, the geographic area that now constitutes the northeastern quarter of China was a space in which competing states faced off in a rivalry for regional hegemony. The rivalry between the Liao (906--1125) and Northern Song (960--1127) dynasties was succeeded by a confrontation between the Southern Song (1127--1279) and first the Jin dynasty (1115--1234) and then the Mongol state in China (ca. 1214--1368). While "religion" is a modern term, it overlaps with an interrelated complex of concepts in sources from this period, making it a productive analytical category for the investigation of social and political phenomena.;These centuries were an era of profound transformations spanning the social, political, cultural, and intellectual spheres. As in other aspects of society, the Liao, Song, Jin, and Mongol bureaucratic states took an active role in the religious life of their polities. The new technology of printing was put to use in the production of scriptural canons compiled by government bureaus. Monasteries, temples, and shrines were founded, rebuilt, and expanded with state oversight and funding, while members of the clergy and even laypersons were selected for government employment on the basis of their command of doctrinal and ritual expertise and their perceived spiritual attainments. An evolving body of statutes determined which religious professionals could enjoy the privileges conferred by government recognition, as well as which monasteries and shrines were protected from closure and other forms of interference by agents of the state. Occupying the top position in the bureaucratic structure, emperors sought to discover or construct for themselves a unique social and even metaphysical status to distinguish them from other elites and potential rivals.;Historiography of "Chinese" society in these centuries has created a narrative focused on the richly documented Southeast, leaving developments in North China poorly understood. What studies of the North that do exist commonly seek a misleadingly tidy identification of the Liao, Northern Song, Jin, and early Mongol dynasties with one religion each, typically explained by reference to the ethnic origin of the royal family. My research complicates this picture by considering more closely the processes by which policy was formulated under these states and their impact on the population as a whole.;For all dynasties in this period I find that frequent international religious exchanges, both between states in "China" and with Japan and Korea, generally did not advance either commercial or strategic interests despite common assumptions to the contrary. I demonstrate how domestic concerns drove individual Northern Song emperors to experiment with a series of widely varying religious roles and institutional innovations. These decisions at the highest level of power ultimately proved less influential and durable domestically than other trends in social practice and political culture.;I show further that the Liao and Jin emperors adopted religious roles owing less to their nomadic ethnic origins than to the norms held by elite groups among their subjects, and to disparate models of Buddhist patronage borrowed from the Song monarchy at different stages of its ongoing metamorphosis.
机译：在这项研究中，我考察了从十世纪到十三世纪，国家在赞助，塑造和规范华北宗教方面所起的作用，着眼于君主制，因为它在同时代国家之间是不同的，并且随着时间而变化。在那个时期，现在构成中国东北地区的地理区域是竞争国家在争夺区域霸权的对立空间。辽（906--1125）与北宋（960--1127）王朝之间的对抗是南宋（1127--1279）与金朝（1115--1234）之间的对抗继而的。中国的蒙古州（约1214--1368）。虽然“宗教”是一个现代术语，但它与该时期的各种相关概念重叠在一起，使其成为研究社会和政治现象的富有成效的分析类别。；这些世纪是跨越社会的深刻变革的时代，政治，文化和知识领域。与社会的其他方面一样，辽，宋，金和蒙古的官僚国家在其政治生活中起着积极的作用。印刷的新技术被用于政府部门汇编的经文典籍的生产中。在国家的监督和资助下，修道院，神庙和神社的建立，重建和扩建，同时，神职人员甚至外行人都是根据其对教义和仪式专长的掌握以及他们对精神的认知而被选为政府职位的。不断发展的法规确定了哪些宗教专业人员可以享受政府承认的特权，以及哪些寺院和神社受到保护，不受国家人员的封闭和其他形式的干预。皇帝占据官僚机构的最高位置，试图发现或构建自己独特的社会乃至形而上学的地位，以区别于其他精英和潜在的竞争对手。；这些世纪以来，“中国”社会的史学创造了一个叙事重点文献记载丰富的东南部地区，对华北的事态发展知之甚少。确实存在的对北方的研究通常试图对辽，北宋，金和蒙古早期朝代进行误导性的整洁鉴定，每个朝代都具有一种宗教，通常通过提及王室的族裔来解释。我的研究更加仔细地考虑了这些州制定政策的过程及其对整个人口的影响，使这一情况变得更加复杂。在此期间的所有朝代，我发现国际宗教交流频繁，“中国各州之间”，而对于日本和韩国，尽管有相反的普遍假设，但总体上并没有促进商业或战略利益。我展示了国内问题如何驱使北宋皇帝个人尝试一系列广泛不同的宗教角色和制度创新。与社会实践和政治文化的其他趋势相比，这些具有最高权力的决定最终在国内没有那么大的影响力和持久性。我进一步表明，辽，金两代皇帝采用宗教角色的原因更多是由于他们的游牧民族血统，而不是所持的规范。精英群体之间的联系，以及从宋帝制借用的佛教赞助模式的不同阶段。

著录项

  • 作者

    Sloane, Jesse D.;

  • 作者单位

    Princeton University.;

  • 授予单位 Princeton University.;
  • 学科 Religion History of.;History Asia Australia and Oceania.;Asian Studies.;Political Science General.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2010
  • 页码 441 p.
  • 总页数 441
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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