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Natal dispersal and natural history of the Virginia opossum (Didelphis virginiana) in two midwestern populations.

机译：在两个中西部人口中的弗吉尼亚负鼠（Didelphis virginiana）的自然扩散和自然历史。

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摘要

Despite the abundance of the Virginia opossum (Didelphis virginiana ), there have been relatively few studies on its movement patterns. I examined: (1) juvenile opossum dispersal, (2) opossum natural history and demography, and (3) opossum abundance and spatial distribution. Study sites were located in two different study areas: cultivated lands in Madison County, Illinois, and a natural, contiguous, forested area in St. Louis County, Missouri. I live-trapped a total of 39 opossums (including juveniles and adults) as a result of 1428 trap nights in both study areas combined from January 2001 to April 2002. I conducted an investigation on 12 juvenile opossums using radio-transmitters, GPS, and GIS to determine their natal dispersal distance and movement patterns.; Results were evaluated with regards to: (1) the competition avoidance hypothesis that suggests that resource competition between parents and offspring cause offspring to leave the natal area; and (2) the inbreeding avoidance hypothesis that suggests that emigration before age of sexual maturity would tend to decrease chances of inbreeding.; Juvenile opossums experienced 0% mortality within the first 4 weeks after transmitter implantation. Of all juveniles ear-notched, 92% survived until their first breeding season and 87% of the total sample were alive at the conclusion of the study. Female dispersal distance is known since 5 of the 7 radio-tagged females successfully reproduced and 2 other radio-tagged females were located (without pouch young) during the breeding season. None of ear-notched males were found to have reproduced in the study area since all dispersed before breeding season.; All males (100%) dispersed from the natal area, while most females remained in the natal area (86%). The latter percentage includes one female that died in the study area. No significant difference in opossum natal dispersal distance, home range size, density, and sex ratio were found between study areas. Sexually dimorphic dispersal patterns were statistically significant. Males dispersed a mean minimum distance of 747 m and females an average of 244 m from natal area to first breeding site. No significant differences were found in home range size between the sexes. However, because males exhibited a different pattern of movement than females, it is not entirely certain that space use by juvenile/subadult male opossums can be defined as true home ranges during the period of dispersal in this study. Sex ratio was approximately even within study areas.; In conclusion, juvenile/subadult male opossums dispersed significantly longer distances than juvenile/subadult females as was predicted. Data did not support the predictions regarding differences in home range size, dispersal distance, and density between study areas. Dispersal of opossums in my study areas may be driven by density related pressures. A secondary effect of this behavior may be inbreeding avoidance.
机译：尽管弗吉尼亚负鼠数量丰富（ Didelphis virginiana ），但对其运动方式的研究相对较少。我检查了：（1）负鼠幼体的扩散，（2）负鼠的自然历史和人口统计学，以及（3）负鼠的丰度和空间分布。研究地点位于两个不同的研究区域：伊利诺伊州麦迪逊县的耕地和密苏里州圣路易斯县的自然，连续森林区。从2001年1月到2002年4月，两个研究区共进行了1428次诱捕夜，我共诱捕了39只负鼠（包括少年和成年）。我使用无线电发射器，GPS和地理信息系统确定其出生时的传播距离和运动方式。对以下方面的结果进行了评估：（1）避免竞争假说，表明父母与后代之间的资源竞争导致后代离开产区; （2）近亲回避假设表明，在性成熟年龄之前移民可能会减少近亲繁殖的机会。在发射器植入后的最初4周内，少年负鼠的死亡率为0％。在研究结束时，有耳洞的所有幼鸟中，有92％存活到第一个繁殖季节，总样本中有87％存活。雌性散布距离是已知的，因为在繁殖季节成功定位了7个带有放射性标记的雌性中的5个，并且找到了另外2个带有放射性标记的雌性（没有幼小袋）。由于在繁殖季节之前全部分散，没有发现有耳孔的雄性在研究区域繁殖。所有男性（100％）都离开出生地，而大多数女性仍留在出生地（86％）。后者的百分比包括在研究区域死亡的一名女性。研究区之间的负鼠出生扩散距离，家庭范围大小，密度和性别比无显着差异。有性双态性散布模式具有统计学意义。雄性从出生区到第一个繁殖点的平均最小距离为747 m，雌性平均为244 m。在两性之间的家庭范围大小上没有发现显着差异。但是，由于雄性表现出与雌性不同的运动方式，因此在本研究中，不能完全确定少年/亚成年男性负鼠的空间使用是否可以定义为真实的居所范围。研究区域内的性别比例大致相同。总之，如预期的那样，少年/亚成年男性负鼠的分散距离明显长于少年/亚成年女性。数据不支持有关研究范围之间的房屋范围大小，分散距离和密度差异的预测。在我的研究区域中负鼠的散布可能是由密度相关的压力驱动的。这种行为的次要影响可能是近交回避。

著录项

  • 作者

    Doerr, Jaynie Genevieve.;

  • 作者单位

    University of Missouri - Saint Louis.;

  • 授予单位 University of Missouri - Saint Louis.;
  • 学科 Biology Zoology.; Biology Ecology.
  • 学位 M.S.
  • 年度 2002
  • 页码 64 p.
  • 总页数 64
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 动物学;生态学（生物生态学）;
  • 关键词

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