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首页> 外文学位 >Oceanic transport and life history of the tropical western Atlantic opossum pipefish, Microphis brachyurus lineatus.
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Oceanic transport and life history of the tropical western Atlantic opossum pipefish, Microphis brachyurus lineatus.

机译：热带西部大西洋负鼠鳞鱼Microphis brachyurus lineatus的海洋运输和生活史。

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摘要

The opossum pipefish, Microphis brachyurus lineatus, is a tropical migratory syngnathid. Adults live and breed in freshwater tributaries in specific emergent vegetative habitats. Juveniles associate with pelagic Sargassum in the tropical western Atlantic. Reproduction occurs during the wet season (May–November). Juvenile recruitment occurs during the dry season (December–April). The objective of this dissertation is to study the east Florida breeding population in the freshwater tributaries of the Indian River Lagoon and focus on: (1) Larval drift to the Gulf Stream and, (2) recruitment of pelagic juveniles from the Gulf Stream onto the freshwater breeding habitat.; Pouch released larvae face sharp salinity changes as they drift from freshwater tributaries to the ocean. Two hundred-fifty aquarium released larvae were transferred from freshwater (0 ppt) to mesohaline lagoon water (18 ppt) and then to seawater (32 ppt) in two successive replicated experiments, over a two-week period. Survival was highest when larvae were transferred from 0 ppt to 18 ppt within 48 h. When transferred from 18 ppt to 32 ppt, larvae that remained at 18 ppt had the highest survival. Therefore, complete passage from freshwater to the ocean must occur at least 2 weeks after larval release. Hydrographic conditions capable of larval retention are explored using a 3-D numerical salinity model of the Indian River Lagoon.; Pelagic juveniles that recruit into the population must leave a strong western boundary current, the Gulf Stream, cross the continental shelf and reach an ocean inlet. Between 27° and 31°N, the Gulf Stream flows north parallel to the contour of the continental shelf edge. Gulf Stream filaments intrude onto the continental shelf. The recruitment hypothesis states that the mechanism of juvenile cross-shelf transport is a combination of Gulf Stream filaments and onshore wind-derived Ekman drift and Stokes drift. The sampling method included three years of daily sea surface temperature satellite images and buoy wind data. Results show: (1) onshore Ekman drift lags recruitment (dry) season, (2) warm filaments are always present and are not a limiting factor for the juveniles to enter shelf waters. To determine recruitment time, all data are combined in a numerical recruitment model. The time of cross-shelf transport for the study area predicted by the model is within the limits of a pelagic fish larva/juvenile lifespan.; Spawning and recruitment times suggest that the marine phase ranges from 1 to nearly 12 months. Hypotheses have been put forth regarding juvenile oceanic transport. Ocean currents transport Sargassum and the associated pelagic juveniles in the tropical western Atlantic. The Caribbean, Loop and Antilles Current may distribute juveniles within the tropical areas, and as they converge into the Gulf Stream, juveniles are transported northward along the US seaboard. If the marine phase is a year or more, juveniles could also be transported eastward to Europe by entering the north Atlantic Gyre, and eventually return to American shores. The existence of alternate oceanic migration routes is also explored.
机译：负鼠pipe鱼 Microphis brachyurus lineatus 是热带迁徙的突鼻。成虫在特定的紧急植物栖息地的淡水支流中生活和繁殖。少年与热带西大西洋上层浮游生物<斜体> Sargassum 相关。繁殖发生在雨季（5月至11月）。少年征募发生在旱季（12月至4月）。本论文的目的是研究印度河泻湖淡水支流中的东佛罗里达繁殖种群，并着重于：（1）漂流至墨西哥湾流的幼体，以及（2）从墨西哥湾流向中游的浮游幼体的招募淡水繁殖栖息地。袋装释放的幼体从淡水支流向海洋漂流时，面临着盐度的急剧变化。在两个连续的重复实验中，将两百五十只水族馆释放的幼虫从淡水（0 ppt）转移到中卤盐水湖水（18 ppt），然后转移到海水（32 ppt）。当幼虫在48小时内从0 ppt转移到18 ppt时，存活率最高。当从18 ppt转移到32 ppt时，保留在18 ppt的幼虫存活率最高。因此，幼体释放后至少2周必须发生从淡水到海洋的完全通道。使用印第安河泻湖的3-D盐度数字模型探索能够保留幼虫的水文条件。招募到人口中的浮游幼体必须离开强大的西部边界流，墨西哥湾流，穿越大陆架并到达海洋入口。在27°和31°N之间，墨西哥湾流向北平行于大陆架边缘的轮廓向北流动。湾流细丝侵入大陆架。募集假说指出，少年跨架运输的机制是湾流细丝与陆上风源埃克曼漂移和斯托克斯漂移的结合。采样方法包括三年的每日海面温度卫星图像和浮标风数据。结果表明：（1）陆上Ekman漂流滞后补充（干旱）季节，（2）始终存在温暖的细丝，而不是幼体进入架子水域的限制因素。为了确定招聘时间，将所有数据合并到一个数字招聘模型中。该模型预测的研究区域的跨架运输时间在浮游鱼类幼体/幼体寿命的限制之内。产卵和补充时间表明，海相的持续时间为1到近12个月。已经提出了关于青少年海洋运输的假设。洋流在热带西部大西洋上运输了Sargassum和相关的浮游幼体。加勒比海，卢普河和安的列斯群岛海流可能在热带地区分布幼体，当它们汇入墨西哥湾流时，幼体沿着美国沿海向北运输。如果海相是一年或更长时间，则还可以通过进入北大西洋涡流将幼鱼向东运送到欧洲，并最终返回美国海岸。还探讨了替代性海洋迁移路线的存在。

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