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首页> 外文学位 >Selective attention characteristics of expert and novice rifle shooters: An electrocortical study.
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Selective attention characteristics of expert and novice rifle shooters: An electrocortical study.

机译：专家和新手步枪射击者的选择性注意特征：一项电皮质研究。

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摘要

This study was undertaken to investigate differences in the ability to suppress irrelevant stimuli while performing a psychomotor task on which one group was highly skilled and the other was unskilled by assessing cortical activity and subjective reports in marksmen and novice shooters. These measures were also examined during a task which was novel to both groups to determine if any differences on the primary task of interest generalized to the novel task. Accordingly, 15 expert marksmen and 15 novice shooters were presented with binaural auditory probes which the participants were asked to ignore while performing rifle shooting and word naming tasks. Continuous EEG data were recorded at sites Fz, Cz, and Pz in order to derive N100, P200, and P300 ERP component amplitudes and latencies in response to the auditory probes to assess early and later stages of attentional processing. The data were examined according to group (expert, novice) and task (shooting, word naming). Experts exhibited smaller MOO amplitudes at sites Cz and Pz across tasks. This finding was interpreted to mean that experts were better able to ignore irrelevant stimuli at an early stage of processing, and that this attentional focusing proficiency generalized to a novel task. In contrast, experts exhibited longer N100 latencies to the probe at site Cz during the shooting task compared to the word naming task, while no such differences were observed for novices. Both groups exhibited longer latencies at site Fz during the shooting compared to the word naming task. Experts produced larger amplitudes for the P200 and P300 components compared to novices. There were no significant P200 or P300 latency effects. The finding that experts were able to suppress cortical responses to the auditory probes at an early stage of processing supports early filter models of selective attention. Finally, the findings support the importance of examining multiple ERP measures to gain a fuller understanding of the complex, multi-dimensional attentional characteristics of skilled motor performance.
机译：这项研究旨在通过评估皮皮活动和主观射手和新手射手的表现来调查在执行精神运动任务时抑制无关刺激的能力的差异，其中一组是高技能的，另一组是非技能的。在对两组都比较新颖的任务中，还对这些措施进行了检查，以确定在感兴趣的主要任务上是否有任何差异可推广到该新颖任务。因此，向15位专家射手和15位新手射击者提供了双耳听觉探头，要求参与者在进行步枪射击和单词命名任务时忽略它们。在站点Fz，Cz和Pz处记录连续的EEG数据，以便根据听觉探针得出N100，P200和P300 ERP组件的振幅和延迟，以评估注意力加工的早期和后期。根据组（专家，新手）和任务（射击，单词命名）检查数据。专家展示了跨任务在站点Cz和Pz处较小的MOO幅度。该发现被解释为意味着专家在处理的早期阶段能够更好地忽略无关的刺激，并且这种注意力集中的能力可以推广到一项新任务。相比之下，与单词命名任务相比，专家在射击任务期间对站点Cz处的探针展现出更长的N100延迟，而对于新手而言则没有观察到这种差异。与单词命名任务相比，两组在拍摄期间在Fz站点的等待时间都更长。与新手相比，专家为P200和P300组件产生了更大的幅度。没有明显的P200或P300延迟影响。专家能够在处理的早期阶段抑制皮层对听觉探针的反应的发现支持了选择性注意的早期过滤器模型。最后，研究结果支持检查多种ERP措施以更全面地了解熟练运动表现的复杂，多维注意特征的重要性。

著录项

  • 作者

    McAllister, Lisa Diane.;

  • 作者单位

    University of Maryland College Park.;

  • 授予单位 University of Maryland College Park.;
  • 学科 Education Physical.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2002
  • 页码 112 p.
  • 总页数 112
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 O4-4;
  • 关键词

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