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首页> 外文学位 >Stormwater infiltration and focused groundwater recharge in a rain garden: Numerical modeling and field experiment.
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Stormwater infiltration and focused groundwater recharge in a rain garden: Numerical modeling and field experiment.

机译：雨花园中的雨水渗透和集中的地下水补给：数值模拟和现场试验。

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Traditional stormwater management, which relies heavily on detention storage, does not mitigate groundwater depletion resulting from groundwater pumping and loss of groundwater recharge. There has been an increasing interest in the use of alternative practices, such as rain gardens, that encourage infiltration of stormwater. A rain garden is a landscaped garden in a shallow depression of relatively small area that receives the stormwater from an impervious surface. Rain gardens can be particularly effective when infiltration is focused to maximize recharge. A numerical model was developed (RECHARGE) that can be applied in the design and evaluation of rain gardens. To continuously simulate recharge, runoff and evapotranspiration during wet and dry periods, the Richards Equation was coupled with a surface water balance in the model. Water flow through the rain garden soil is modeled over three layers: a root zone, a middle storage layer of high conductivity, and a lower layer that represents the subsoil at the site. For the climate of southern Wisconsin, simulation results show that very high recharge rates are possible in the April-September rainy season (over twice the natural annual rates). Additionally, a rain garden with an area of approximately 10% of the contributing impervious area maximizes groundwater recharge; the recharge benefit decreases for larger rain garden areas due to evapotranspiration. Increasing the depression depth increases recharge but also increases ponding times, potentially affecting plant survival. Model results indicate that the feasibility of a rain garden depends heavily on the saturated hydraulic conductivity of the underlying soil, which can override the effect of a deeper soil storage zone. We installed an experimental rain garden and validated the RECHARGE model with three experimental runs resembling typical recharge events. We also developed a simpler Green-Ampt model, which yields similar results to the Richards Equation model, with an order of magnitude less computation time.
机译：传统的雨水管理在很大程度上依赖于蓄水库，不能减轻地下水抽取和地下水补给损失造成的地下水枯竭。人们对使用替代方法（例如雨水花园）的兴趣日益浓厚，这些方法鼓励雨水渗入。雨水花园是位于相对较小区域的浅洼处的景观花园，可从不透水的地面接收雨水。当集中渗透以最大化补给时，雨花园可能会特别有效。开发了一个数值模型（RECHARGE），该模型可用于雨林的设计和评估。为了连续模拟干湿期的补给，径流和蒸散量，模型中将Richards方程与地表水平衡相结合。穿过雨林土壤的水流分为三层：根区，高电导率的中间存储层和代表该地点下层土壤的下层。对于威斯康星州南部的气候，模拟结果表明，在4月至9月的雨季，补给率可能很高（超过自然年费率的两倍）。此外，雨水花园的面积约为不透水面积的10％，可最大程度地提高地下水补给；由于蒸散作用，较大的雨水花园地区的补给效益降低。降低洼地深度会增加补给，但也会增加积水时间，从而可能影响植物的存活。模型结果表明，雨水花园的可行性在很大程度上取决于下层土壤的饱和导水率，而后者可以覆盖更深的土壤存储区的影响。我们安装了一个实验性的雨水花园，并通过三个类似于典型补给事件的实验来验证了RECHARGE模型。我们还开发了一个更简单的Green-Ampt模型，该模型产生的结果与Richards方程模型相似，并且计算时间减少了一个数量级。

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