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Experimental studies of wave propagation in three-dimensional photonic crystals.

机译：三维光子晶体中波传播的实验研究。

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摘要

Photonic crystals were proposed fifteen years ago. Propagation is selectively prevented through these crystals resulting in a photonic band gap, that is, a frequency region where light cannot propagate. These frequency bands are analogous to electronic band gaps in solid-state crystals.; The optical properties of the photonic crystal in regions near the band gap remain relatively unexplored. Yet, there is significant evidence to suggest that this avenue of investigation can provide useful optical and microwave applications. Numerical studies have predicted that the effective permittivity near the photonic band gap approaches zero and becomes negative. Self-collimation of the propagating beam and ultrarefraction, where radiation is redirected through large angles in the crystal, are predicted. Although not considered as the ideal structure, the face centered cubic (fcc) opaline photonic is crystal studied for reasons of practical realization.; The tools to examine the diffraction effects of photonic crystals, and in particular those for three-dimensional structures, are somewhat lacking. To this end, commercial simulation software and a series of experimental studies were employed to gain insight of this unique wave propagation problem.; The emphasis of this study was upon frequency and polarization selectivity based on the azimuthal and incident angles with respect to the crystal morphology. Some of the results are consistent with calculations for two-dimensional crystals. However, they are demonstrated here in three-dimensional crystals for the first time.; Defect modes, where the photon density of states is modified to allow propagation in a certain direction was also explored. Although not optimized for low loss, significant evidence was found for the existence of defect modes in the fcc crystal.; Modification of the photonic crystal by adding periodic features with negative permittivity (metal) was examined as well. The addition of metal changed the refractive index contrast leading to frequency selective self-imaging beam splitting, as well as modification of the subwavelength self-imaging characteristic length.; It is expected that the experimental data will be useful toward in developing better theoretical approaches for photonic crystalline optics.
机译：光子晶体是十五年前提出的。通过这些晶体有选择地防止了传播，从而导致了光子带隙，即光不能传播的频率区域。这些频带类似于固态晶体中的电子带隙。在带隙附近的区域中，光子晶体的光学性质仍未得到充分探索。但是，有大量证据表明，这种研究途径可以提供有用的光学和微波应用。数值研究预测，光子带隙附近的有效介电常数接近零并变为负值。可以预测传播光束的自准直和超折射，其中辐射会通过晶体中的大角度重定向。尽管不被认为是理想的结构，但出于实际实现的原因，研究了面心立方（fcc）的不透明光子晶体。某种程度上缺乏检查光子晶体，尤其是三维结构的衍射效应的工具。为此，采用了商业仿真软件和一系列实验研究来了解这一独特的波传播问题。这项研究的重点是基于相对于晶体形态的方位角和入射角的频率和极化选择性。一些结果与二维晶体的计算一致。但是，它们是首次在三维晶体中演示。还研究了缺陷模式，其中修改了状态的光子密度以允许在特定方向上传播。尽管没有针对低损耗进行优化，但发现fcc晶体中存在缺陷模式的大量证据。还研究了通过添加具有负介电常数的周期性特征（金属）对光子晶体的改性。金属的添加改变了折射率对比，导致频率选择性自成像光束分裂，以及亚波长自成像特征长度的改变。预计实验数据将有助于开发更好的光子晶体光学理论方法。

著录项

  • 作者

    Tobias, John M.;

  • 作者单位

    New Jersey Institute of Technology.;

  • 授予单位 New Jersey Institute of Technology.;
  • 学科 Engineering Electronics and Electrical.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2002
  • 页码 158 p.
  • 总页数 158
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 无线电电子学、电信技术;
  • 关键词

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