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An investigation of the central executive in normal aging.

机译：对中央行政部门正常衰老的调查。

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摘要

Aspects of the Central Executive (CE), a cognitive construct of limited capacity thought to maintain information on-line and facilitate the manipulation of multiple, mental items in cognitive stores, were assessed in young and elderly participants using three experimental tests. The present study employed a dual task measure, a visual search task, and a test of inhibition to assess the capacity for (a) maintenance and manipulation of mental items, (b) selective attention, and (c) the suppression of prepotent responding, respectively. Elderly participants were also administered various neuropsychological tests, that were correlated with the experimental tests, to investigate the association between the two forms of measurement. The neuropsychological test of working memory, Letter-Number Sequencing, showed the most consistent pattern of correlation with the experimental measures. In both age groups, performance decreased as demands to the CE increased, however, decrements were significantly more pronounced in elderly participants despite titration for individual differences in span size, and generalized slowing. Although processing speed was slower in the elderly group, it did not account for all of the age-associated variance in the experimental tasks. Further, qualitative differences were evidenced on all measures. That is, dividing attention between two tasks yielded lower consonant recall in the elderly, especially on the more difficult of the dual task conditions (digit reversal). In addition, selective attention was challenged by spreading the distractors on the visual search task (spread condition), producing a nonlinear increase in RT in the elderly on target absent trials. Finally, elderly subjects were not as efficient as young subjects at inhibiting prepotent responses. These results suggest that cognitive deficits in the elderly are due to problems with the CE as each condition produced deficits in the elderly at levels that required higher order processing.
机译：中央执行机构（CE）的方面，是一种能力有限的认知构造，被认为可以在线维护信息并促进操纵认知存储中的多个心理项目，并通过三个实验测试对年轻和老年参与者进行了评估。本研究采用双重任务量度，视觉搜索任务和抑制测试来评估以下能力：（a）维护和操纵智力项目，（b）选择性注意和（c）抑制有力的反应，分别。老年参与者还接受了与实验测试相关的各种神经心理学测试，以研究两种测量形式之间的关联。工作记忆的神经心理学测试，即字母数字排序，显示出与实验方法相关性最一致的模式。在两个年龄组中，表现都随着对CE的需求增加而降低，但是，尽管对跨度大小的个体差异进行了滴定和普遍减慢，但老年参与者的减量明显更为明显。尽管老年人组的处理速度较慢，但​​这并不能说明实验任务中所有与年龄相关的差异。此外，在所有措施上都存在质的差异。也就是说，将注意力集中在两个任务上会降低老年人的辅音回忆，尤其是在双重任务条件（数字反转）更加困难的情况下。此外，通过在视觉搜索任务（传播条件）上分散干扰物，对选择性注意力提出了挑战，在没有目标的情况下，老年人的RT呈非线性增长。最后，老年受试者在抑制潜在反应方面不如年轻受试者有效。这些结果表明，老年人的认知缺陷是由于CE的问题所致，因为每种疾病都会在老年人中造成需要更高阶处理水平的缺陷。

著录项

  • 作者

    Rekkas, Paraskevi Vivien.;

  • 作者单位

    York University (Canada).;

  • 授予单位 York University (Canada).;
  • 学科 Psychology Experimental.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2002
  • 页码 148 p.
  • 总页数 148
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 心理学;
  • 关键词

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