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Residual effects of nitrogen fertilization on soil nitrogen pools and corn growth

机译：氮肥对土壤氮库和玉米生长的残留影响

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摘要

Given the dynamic nature of soil nitrogen (N), inorganic N fertilization to corn (Zea mays L.) has potential to alter N pool balance by creating an accumulation or depletion of soil N. Current corn N recommendations in the common corn-soybean rotation of Indiana strive to find the best N rate that maximizes producer profit. Increasing our understanding of soil N will inform producers if they should adjust fertilizer rates for corn to influence maintenance of organic N and Carbon. Our objective was to determine residual N effects from fertilized corn in a corn-soybean rotation by measuring (1) soil N pools post soybean, (2) soil fertility, (3) growth and yield of corn, and (4) nitrogen removal in rotated corn.;Field-scale corn N trials were established in 2006 at 6 Indiana farms with corn-soybean rotations (near cities of West Lafayette, Farmland, Columbia City, Wanatah, Butlerville, and Lafayette). A randomized complete block design assigned six corn N rates (ranging from starter only to above the minimum needed to maximize yield) to each replication. The design was not re-randomized the next corn year. In 2015, two or three of the replications at each location had only starter fertilizer, thus, allowing for determination of cumulative differences in N fertilization on soil N supply. Soil composites of each plot were collected from 0-20 cm, 20-40 cm, and 40-60 cm post corn planting (<9 days). Initial samples were analyzed for general fertility, inorganic N, and total N. In addition, a 50-day incubation with soils maintained at 25 °C and 33 kPa moisture was used to examine mineralization and nitrification at days 10 and 50 days. Earleaf samples were collected at VT followed by stover and grain samples at maturity; plant samples were analyzed for macro- and micro-nutrient concentrations. Grain yield and total plant N uptake were also determined.;Locations were kept separate for statistical analyses. ANOVAs carried out on general soil fertility data revealed minimal N rate effects. At Lafayette, pH for the 0-20 cm soil decreased linearly beginning at N rate 3 (135 kg ha -1); the acidifying effect of the side-dressed urea-ammonium nitrate (UAN) may be responsible for the pH decrease with increasing N rate. This trend was not observed at other locations. There was no N rate effect on day 0 total inorganic N (alpha ≤ 0.05). As N rate increased, total N decreased linearly from 0.9 to 0.8 g kg-1 (R2 = 0.68) at Columbia City. When the soil was incubated for 50 days, total inorganic N did not vary by N rate. Generally, soil inorganic and organic N decreased with depth from 0 to 60 cm. When corn was grown and the predominate source of N was derived from the soil, no differences were noted in plant N uptake nor yield for any location.;Spring 2015 had record-breaking rainfall amounts which certainly contributed to residual N loss. Furthermore, the soil's natural N supply, location management practice, and crop N demand are probable cause for the variances noted between locations. Overall, we conclude that corn N rate has negligible effects on residual N abundance, soil fertility, uptake, and grain yield for Indiana corn-soybean rotations.
机译：考虑到土壤氮（N）的动态特性，对玉米（Zea mays L.）进行无机氮肥施肥有可能通过造成土壤氮素的积累或枯竭来改变氮素池的平衡。当前玉米氮素在普通玉米-大豆轮作中的建议印第安那州的农民努力寻找能够最大程度提高生产者利润的最佳氮肥利用率。增加我们对土壤氮的了解将告知生产者是否应调整玉米的肥料用量以影响有机氮和碳的维持。我们的目标是通过测量（1）大豆后的土壤氮库，（2）土壤肥力，（3）玉米的生长和产量以及（4）氮的去除来确定玉米-大豆轮作中施肥玉米的残留氮效应。 2006年在印第安纳州的6个玉米-大豆轮作农场（西拉斐特，农田，哥伦比亚市，瓦纳塔，巴特勒维尔和拉斐特附近）建立了田间规模的玉米N试验。随机化的完全区组设计为每个复制分配了六个玉米N比率（从初学者到最高产量所需的最小值）。该设计在下一个玉米年度没有重新随机化。在2015年，每个地点的两到三次重复试验仅使用了改良肥，因此可以确定土壤氮供应上氮肥累积累积差异。在玉米种植后（<9天），分别从0-20 cm，20-40 cm和40-60 cm收集各样地的土壤复合物。分析初始样品的一般肥力，无机氮和总氮。此外，在保持25°C和33 kPa水分的土壤中孵育50天，以检查第10天和第50天的矿化和硝化作用。在VT收集了耳叶样品，然后在成熟时收集了秸秆和谷物样品；分析植物样品中的常量和微量营养素浓度。还确定了谷物产量和植物总氮吸收。将位置分开进行统计分析。对一般土壤肥力数据进行的方差分析显示氮肥效应最小。在拉斐特，从N速率3（135 kg ha -1）开始，0-20 cm土壤的pH线性下降。硝态尿素-硝酸铵（UAN）的酸化作用可能是pH值随氮含量增加而降低的原因。在其他位置未观察到这种趋势。第0天总无机氮（α≤0.05）对氮的速率没有影响。随着氮含量的增加，哥伦比亚市的总氮含量从0.9 g kg-1线性下降至0.8 g kg-1（R2 = 0.68）。将土壤培养50天后，总无机氮的氮含量没有变化。通常，土壤无机和有机氮随深度从0到60 cm下降。当玉米生长并且氮的主要来源来自土壤时，在任何地方都没有注意到植物对氮的吸收或产量方面的差异。; 2015年春季的降雨量创纪录，这肯定造成了残留氮的损失。此外，土壤的自然氮供应，位置管理实践和作物氮需求可能是造成位置之间差异的原因。总体而言，我们得出结论，印第安纳州玉米-大豆轮作对玉米的剩余氮丰度，土壤肥力，吸收和谷物产量的影响几乎可以忽略不计。

著录项

  • 作者

    Moser, Meghan E.;

  • 作者单位

    Purdue University.;

  • 授予单位 Purdue University.;
  • 学科 Agronomy.;Soil sciences.;Agriculture.
  • 学位 M.S.
  • 年度 2016
  • 页码 122 p.
  • 总页数 122
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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